Fixation, Safety, Fresh Tissue

Question 1

satisfactory for routine paraffin sections

Answer 1

aldehyde fixative

Question 2

stains CNS and postmortem tissues

Answer 2

10% formol saline

Question 3

recommended for preservation and storage of ** surgical*, post-mortem, and research specimens

Answer 3

10% NBF or phosphate buffered formalin

Question 4

recommended for routine post-mortem tissues

Answer 4

formal-corrosive

Question 5

good for preservation of glycogen and micro-incineration technique; and used to fix sputum since it coagulates mucus

Answer 5

alcoholic formalin (Gendre’s) fixative

Question 6

buffered state of this fixative followed by secondary fixation in osmium tetroxide is satisfactory for electron microscopy

2.5% solution is used for small fragments and needle biopsies fixed in 2-4 hours at room temperature

4% solution for larger tissues fixed in 6-8 hours up to 24 hours

Answer 6

glutaraldehyde

Question 7

routine fixative of choice for preservation of cell detail in tissue photography

most common metallic fixative

Answer 7

mercuric chloride

Question 8

recommended for fixing small pieces of liver, spleen, connective tissue fibers and nuclei

Answer 8

zenker’s fluid

Question 9

excellent microanatomic fixative for pituitary gland, bone marrow, and blood containing organs such as spleen and liver

Answer 9

zenker-formol (Helly’s solution)

Question 10

main fixative for tumor biopsies especially skin; excellent cytologic fixative

Answer 10

heidenhain’s susa

Question 11

used for bone marrow biopsies

Answer 11

Lillie’s B5 fixative

Question 12

precipitates all proteins and adequately preserves carbohydrates

Answer 12

chromic acid

Question 13

preserves lipids and mitochondria

Answer 13

potassium dichromate

Question 14

recommended for demonstration of chromatin, mitochondria, mitotic figures, golgi bodies, BC, and colloid containing tissues

Answer 14

Regaud’s (Muller) fluid

Question 15

recommended for early degenerative process and tissue necrosis. demonstrates Rickettsia (rocky mountain fever) and other bacteria

Answer 15

Orth’s fluid

Question 16

recommended for acid mucopolysaccharides and fixes connective tissue mucin

Answer 16

lead fixatives

Question 17

recommended for fixation of embryos and pituitary biopsies

Answer 17

Bouin’s solution

Question 18

normally used in conjuction with other fixatives to form a compound soltuion

Answer 18

glacial acetic acid

Question 19

denatures and precipitates proteins by destroying hydrogen and other bonds

may be used both as fixative and dehydrating agent

Answer 19

alcoholic fixatives

Question 20

excellent for fixing dry and wet smears, blood smears, and bone marrow tissues

Answer 20

methyl alcohol 100%

Question 21

used for fixing touch preparations

Answer 21

isopropyl alcohol 95%

Question 22

recommended for fixing chromosomes, lymph glands, and urgent biopsies

most rapid fixative

Answer 22

Carnoy’s fluid

Question 23

recommended for fixing mucopolysacchrides and nuclear proteins

Answer 23

Newcomer’s fluid

Question 24

usuall for frozen tissue section and preparation of bacteriologic smears

Answer 24

heat fixation

Question 25

recommended for study of *water* *diffusible enzymes* especially phospatases and lipases used in fixing brain tissues for diagnosis of **rabies**

Answer 25

acetone

Question 26

recommended for cytoplasmic structures

Answer 26

Flemming's solution without acetic acid

Question 27

most common **chrome-osmium acetic acid** fixative which is excellent nuclear fixative and *permanently fixes fats*

Answer 27

Flemming's solution

Question 28

fixation with this solution causes complete denaturation of proteins

Answer 28

osmium tetroxide (osmic acid)

Question 29

what fixative is explosive when dried out

Answer 29

picric acid

Question 30

are chemicals that cause reversible inflammatory effects at the site of contact with living tissue, especially the skin, eyes and respiratory passages

Answer 30

irritants

Question 31

cause destruction or irreversible alterations when exposed to living tissue, or destroy certain inanimate surfaces (generally a metal)

Answer 31

corrosive chemicals

Question 32

cause allergic reactions in some exposed workers, not just in hypersensitive individuals. Sensitization may occur at work because of the high exposure level

Answer 32

sensitizers

Question 33

substances that induce tumors

Answer 33

carcinogens

Question 34

causes death by ingestion, skin contact, or inhalation

Answer 34

toxic materials

Question 35

is the simplest, least invasive test and uses the smallest needle to simply remove cells from the area of abnormality. This is not always adequate to obtain a diagnosis, depending on the area to be biopsied

Answer 35

fine needle aspiration

Question 36

removes not only cells, but also a small amount of the surrounding tissue. This provides additional information to assist in the examination of the lesion

Answer 36

core needle biopsy

Question 37

takes out even more surrounding tissue. It takes out some of the abnormality, but not all. The doctor will slice into the lesion and remove only a portion of it. If the lesion is found to be cancerous, further surgery may be needed to remove or excise the entire lesion.

Answer 37

incisional biopsy

Question 38

generally removes the entire area in question

Answer 38

excisional biopsy

Question 39

is considered the primary technique for obtaining diagnostic full-thickness skin specimens, yielding a 3- to 4- mm cylindrical core of tissue sample

Answer 39

punch biopsy

Question 40

where small fragments of tissue are "shaved" from a surface

Answer 40

shave biopsy

Question 41

where tissue is scooped or spooned to remove tissue or growth from body cavity such as endometrium and cervical canal

Answer 41

curettings

Question 42

fixative for human skin

Answer 42

alcoholic formaldehyde

Question 43

excellent fixative for **soft and delicate** structures

Answer 43

bouin's solution

Question 44

excellent fixative for glycogen

Answer 44

Brasil's alcoholic picroformol fixative

Question 45

used to fix brain tissue for diagnosis of rabies and an excellent fixative for glycogen

Answer 45

carnoy's fluid

Question 46

used extensively for neurological tissues which fixes myelin and peripheral nerves | fixative

Answer 46

osmium tetroxide (osmic acid)