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Histopathology > Fixation, Safety, Fresh Tissue > Flashcards

Fixation, Safety, Fresh Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

satisfactory for routine paraffin sections

A

aldehyde fixative

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2
Q

stains CNS and postmortem tissues

A

10% formol saline

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3
Q

recommended for preservation and storage of ** surgical*, post-mortem, and research specimens

A

10% NBF or phosphate buffered formalin

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4
Q

recommended for routine post-mortem tissues

A

formal-corrosive

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5
Q

good for preservation of glycogen and micro-incineration technique; and used to fix sputum since it coagulates mucus

A

alcoholic formalin (Gendre’s) fixative

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6
Q

buffered state of this fixative followed by secondary fixation in osmium tetroxide is satisfactory for electron microscopy

2.5% solution is used for small fragments and needle biopsies fixed in 2-4 hours at room temperature

4% solution for larger tissues fixed in 6-8 hours up to 24 hours

A

glutaraldehyde

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7
Q

routine fixative of choice for preservation of cell detail in tissue photography

most common metallic fixative

A

mercuric chloride

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8
Q

recommended for fixing small pieces of liver, spleen, connective tissue fibers and nuclei

A

zenker’s fluid

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9
Q

excellent microanatomic fixative for pituitary gland, bone marrow, and blood containing organs such as spleen and liver

A

zenker-formol (Helly’s solution)

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10
Q

main fixative for tumor biopsies especially skin; excellent cytologic fixative

A

heidenhain’s susa

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11
Q

used for bone marrow biopsies

A

Lillie’s B5 fixative

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12
Q

precipitates all proteins and adequately preserves carbohydrates

A

chromic acid

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13
Q

preserves lipids and mitochondria

A

potassium dichromate

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14
Q

recommended for demonstration of chromatin, mitochondria, mitotic figures, golgi bodies, BC, and colloid containing tissues

A

Regaud’s (Muller) fluid

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15
Q

recommended for early degenerative process and tissue necrosis. demonstrates Rickettsia (rocky mountain fever) and other bacteria

A

Orth’s fluid

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16
Q

recommended for acid mucopolysaccharides and fixes connective tissue mucin

A

lead fixatives

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17
Q

recommended for fixation of embryos and pituitary biopsies

A

Bouin’s solution

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18
Q

normally used in conjuction with other fixatives to form a compound soltuion

A

glacial acetic acid

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19
Q

denatures and precipitates proteins by destroying hydrogen and other bonds

may be used both as fixative and dehydrating agent

A

alcoholic fixatives

20
Q

excellent for fixing dry and wet smears, blood smears, and bone marrow tissues

A

methyl alcohol 100%

21
Q

used for fixing touch preparations

A

isopropyl alcohol 95%

22
Q

recommended for fixing chromosomes, lymph glands, and urgent biopsies

most rapid fixative

A

Carnoy’s fluid

23
Q

recommended for fixing mucopolysacchrides and nuclear proteins

A

Newcomer’s fluid

24
Q

usuall for frozen tissue section and preparation of bacteriologic smears

A

heat fixation

25
Q

recommended for study of water diffusible enzymes especially phospatases and lipases

used in fixing brain tissues for diagnosis of rabies

A

acetone

26
Q

recommended for cytoplasmic structures

A

Flemming’s solution without acetic acid

27
Q

most common chrome-osmium acetic acid fixative which is excellent nuclear fixative and permanently fixes fats

A

Flemming’s solution

28
Q

fixation with this solution causes complete denaturation of proteins

A

osmium tetroxide (osmic acid)

29
Q

what fixative is explosive when dried out

A

picric acid

30
Q

are chemicals that cause reversible inflammatory effects at the site of contact with living tissue, especially the skin, eyes and respiratory passages

A

irritants

31
Q

cause destruction or irreversible alterations when exposed to living tissue, or destroy certain inanimate surfaces (generally a metal)

A

corrosive chemicals

32
Q

cause allergic reactions in some exposed workers, not just in hypersensitive individuals. Sensitization may occur at work because of the high exposure level

A

sensitizers

33
Q

substances that induce tumors

A

carcinogens

34
Q

causes death by ingestion, skin contact, or inhalation

A

toxic materials

35
Q

is the simplest, least invasive test and uses the smallest needle to simply remove cells from the area of abnormality. This is not always adequate to obtain a diagnosis, depending on the area to be biopsied

A

fine needle aspiration

36
Q

removes not only cells, but also a small amount of the surrounding tissue. This provides additional information to assist in the examination of the lesion

A

core needle biopsy

37
Q

takes out even more surrounding tissue. It takes out some of the abnormality, but not all. The doctor will slice into the lesion and remove only a portion of it. If the lesion is found to be cancerous, further surgery may be needed to remove or excise the entire lesion.

A

incisional biopsy

38
Q

generally removes the entire area in question

A

excisional biopsy

39
Q

is considered the primary technique for obtaining diagnostic full-thickness skin specimens, yielding a 3- to 4- mm cylindrical core of tissue sample

A

punch biopsy

40
Q

where small fragments of tissue are “shaved” from a surface

A

shave biopsy

41
Q

where tissue is scooped or spooned to remove tissue or growth from body cavity such as endometrium and cervical canal

A

curettings

42
Q

fixative for human skin

A

alcoholic formaldehyde

43
Q

excellent fixative for soft and delicate structures

A

bouin’s solution

44
Q

excellent fixative for glycogen

A

Brasil’s alcoholic picroformol fixative

45
Q

used to fix brain tissue for diagnosis of rabies and an excellent fixative for glycogen

A

carnoy’s fluid

46
Q

used extensively for neurological tissues which fixes myelin and peripheral nerves

fixative

A

osmium tetroxide (osmic acid)

Histopathology (16 decks)

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