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Carcinogenesis > Microorganisms causing cancer > Flashcards

Microorganisms causing cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Parasite/virus causing cholangioma liver cancer

A

Opisthorchid trematodes

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2
Q

Parasite/virus causing bladder cancer

A

Trematodes

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3
Q

Parasite/virus causing Burrito’s lymphoma

A

EBV

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4
Q

Parasite/virus causing T cell leukaemia

A

T lymphotropic virus

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5
Q

Parasite/virus causing cervical camcer

A

HPV

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6
Q

Parasite/virus causing nasopharyngeal cancer

A

EBV

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7
Q

Parasite/virus causing liver cancer

A

Hep B and C

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8
Q

Parasite/virus causing Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

HHV

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9
Q

Parasite/virus causing stomach cancer

A

h.pylori

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10
Q

Parasite/virus causing oropharyngeal cancer

A

HPV

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11
Q

Avian leukosis

A
  • Avian Leukosis virus (RNA virus)
  • Integrates pro-viral DNA into host cell genome adjacent to cellular oncogene
  • Cell has proliferative advantage = tumour development
  • MYC oncogene - Burkitt’s lymphoma etc
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12
Q

How does HPV cause cancer?

A

Infects basal epithelium - CIN - cervical cancer
Viral DNA integrates into host genome and causes expression of E6 and E7 - expression of these genes causes carcinogenesis

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13
Q

RB pathway

A
  • RB binds to E2F transcription factor
  • This prevents E2F being available to activate cell cycle
  • Phosphorylation of RB releases e2F so they can interact with genes in cell cycle progression
  • When HPVE7 binds to RB it is targeted for degradation
  • E2F available to activate genes involved in cellular proliferation
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14
Q

p53 pathway

A

DNA damage = phosphorylation of p53, turning it into stable protein -> up regulation of p21
Cell cycle stops and apoptosis

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15
Q

How does EBv attack B cells?

A

CD21

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16
Q

What is Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

Neoplasm of B lymphocytes (8:14 translocation of myc)

17
Q

LMP-1

A

Activates NF-kB and JAK/STAT signalling pathways - prevents apoptosis by activating BCL2

18
Q

EBNA-2

A

activates host genes e.g. cyclin D and Src proto-oncogenes (B cell proliferation)

19
Q

EBV indirect mechanism

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma = 8:14 translocation via malaria causing sustaining B cell proliferation. T cells eliminate most EBV infected B cells but some hide and persist and acquire additional mutations = translocation

20
Q

What type of viruses are hep B and C

A

B is DNA and C is RNA

Carcinogenesis (15 decks)

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