Anti-cancer therapies Flashcards
Cell cycle
G0 - G1 - S - G2 - M - G0
What is the significance of the R point?
AT the end of G1, after this the cell is committed to cell cycle
Cross-linking chemotherapy
Cross-link DNA prevents replication
E.g. cyclophosphamide and cisplatin/carboplatin
Antimetabolites
S phase specific
Block production or incorporation of nucleic acid into DNA or RNA (fake lego)
Cytarabine, methotrexate
Topoisomerase inhibitors
Block enzyme that unravels DNA during synthesis
Tubule toxins
Disrupt function of microtubules in mitosis
Vincristine etc
Where do -mabs act
Outside of cell
Where do -nibs work
Inside cell
Imatinib
tyrosine kinase inhibitor that used in CML (philadelphia chromosome broken and stuck back together, at the joint there is a protein coding for fusion protein that codes for receptor on surface of cell, it is permanently switched on which constantly stimulates cell to divide)
How is a signal transacted across a cell?
- Signal (GH, oestrogen, EGF etc) dock at receptor protein on surface (dimerised pair of proteins that cross cell membrane)
- Signal docks, protein changes shape and opens pocket on cell surface
- Tyrosine kinase starts phosphorylation cascade
- Takes signal to nucleus
- Switches on or off genes depending on signal
Immunotherapy
Cancer cells switch off immune system to evade being killed
Ipilumimab
- Ipilumimab is anti CTLA-4 antibody which normally mediates between T cells and dendritic cells
- CTLA-4 switches of immune system
- Ipilimumab is anti CTLA-4 so turns immune system back on
Neoadjuvant chemo
Before curative modality
Concomitant chemo
At the same time
Adjuvant chemo
After curative modality
