Blood cancer

Question 1

Genetics of CML

Answer 1

BCR-ABL mutation, Philadelphia chromosome, t(9:22)

Question 2

Treatment for CML

Answer 2

Imatinib is tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Question 3

Sx CML

Answer 3

Slow onset, B sx, lymphadenopathy, abdo pain

Question 4

Dx CML

Answer 4

FBC, PCR, bone marrow biopsy

Question 5

Which age category does ALL affect?

Answer 5

Childen, especially Down’s syndrome

Question 6

Most common blood malignancy

Answer 6

ALL

Question 7

Sx ALL

Answer 7

Acute onset, red flag sx, lymphadenopathy, abdo pain, bone pain, headaches

Question 8

Histology ALL

Answer 8

homogenous purple cells - smooth, purple an big

Question 9

How do you differentiate between ALL and AML?

Answer 9

They both have pancytopaenias with blasts, use lymphs-typing to differentiate

Question 10

Lympho typing of ALL

Answer 10

Cells produce TdT (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase) -> DNA polymerase

Question 11

Stages of treatment for ALL

Answer 11

Remission induction
Consolidation
Maintenance

Question 12

CLL age category

Answer 12

Old, white men

Question 13

Histology CLL

Answer 13

Small, mature cells, clumped chromatin, smudge cells

Question 14

Sx CLL

Answer 14

Asymptomatic +/- painless lymphadenopathy, abdo pain

Question 15

NHL

Answer 15

B cell, CD20 most common

Diffuse large B cell is aggressive

Question 16

Follicular NHL

Answer 16

Indolent, t14:18

Increased BCL2 prevents apoptosis