Microbiota of GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

why are more bacteria typically found the further down the GI tract you go

A

cause longer transit times yo :)

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2
Q

describe the oxygen availability as you go down the GI tract

A

increasingly anaerobic conditions

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3
Q

probiotics

A

live bacteria

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4
Q

where can anaerobic bacteria exist

A

grow in the presence of oxygen and absence of oxygen

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5
Q

where can obligate anaerobes grow

A

cannot grow in presence of oxygen

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6
Q

pH mouth

A

6.5-7.5

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7
Q

pH stomach

A

1.5-4

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8
Q

pH duodenum

A

7-8.5

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9
Q

pH colon

A

5.5-6.5

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10
Q

pH small intestine - duodenum

A

4 -> 7

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11
Q

explain the usefulness of knowing phyla of bacteria

A

less useful than knowing something is a mammal; could be an elephant, vole, platypus and ya wouldnae know

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12
Q

what level do meaningful comparisons of bacteria have to take place at

A

genus level

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13
Q

what do GIT microbiota do? their function etc.

A

metabolism of dietary components

production of essential metabolites

modification of host secretions

defence against pathogens (competition etc.)

development of immune system

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14
Q

what type of food doesn’t provide any energy to our gut microbes

A

junk food

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15
Q

what do GIT microbes like to grow on

A

grow on fibre

energy absorb ed in large intestine

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16
Q

what percentage of energy is absorbed in stomach/ small intestine

A

70%

17
Q

what percentage of food is absorbed in the large intestine

A

5-10%

18
Q

health protection benefits of including fibre in our diet

A

improves faecal bulking, improving passage resulting in shorter transit time

contains important chemicals, vitamins etc/

feeds our bacteria

19
Q

results of bacterial fermentation

A
  • releases additional phytochemical

maintains slightly acidic pH

increased commensal bacteria population and pH improves resistance to pathogens

essential supply of short chain fatty acids

20
Q

effect of branched short chain fatty acids on your health

A

have a negative impact

21
Q

how to gut microbiota provide defence against pathogens

A
  1. barrier effect (large numbers of host bacteria prevent colonisation by ingested pathogens)
  2. active competitive exclusion
22
Q

what is optimum growing pH for pathogens

A

> 6

23
Q

why don’t pathogens tend to be present in proximal colon

A

pH too low