Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

which part of the GI tract plays the largest role in immunity?

A

Colonic mucosa

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2
Q

how does colonic mucosa identify pathogens

A

detects and recognises luminal contents, then differentiates between antigens of ‘good bacteria’ and pathogens.

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3
Q

what happens if the immune system is responsive to self- antigens

A

autoimmune disease

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4
Q

what must immune system not be responsive to

A
  • own antibodies
  • food
  • good bacteria/ normal flora
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5
Q

function of epithelial layer of gut in terms of immunity

A

tight junctions enable epithelial layer to act as a barrier, which decides what goes from lumen side into the host

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6
Q

function of mucous layer in lumen

A

physical barrier keeping microbes from host cells

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7
Q

examples of antigen presenting cells:

A
  • dendritic cells

- macrophages

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8
Q

innate immune response

A

initial immune response at site of insult

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9
Q

adaptive immune response

A

more specialised, developed over time (e.g. from previous infection)

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10
Q

cells involved in innate immune response

A
granulocyte
mast cell
monocyte
dendritic cell
macrophage 
natural killer cell
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11
Q

cells involved in adaptive immune response

A

T cells
b cells
plasma cells

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12
Q

function of cytokine proteins in immune response

A

decide what happens to cells, and how T cells should differentiate

they are produced by cells and act on cells

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13
Q

Describe Peyers Patches

A

specialised lymphocyte aggregations - sample whats in the lumen by reaching across epithelium to take a bit of the protein. they well then pass these on to antigen presenting cells, who pass them to T cells to make a response decision

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14
Q

describe macrophages

A
  • phagocytic
  • first line of defence in the gut
  • sample particular antigens
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15
Q

function of dendritic cells in mucosal immunity

A
  • can give rise to different T cell responses (tolerance vs. immunity)
  • distinguish cell markers
  • DC presents antigens to indecisive T cells
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16
Q

what do dendritic cells become when they undergo maturation after picking up something

A

Potent Antigen Presenting Cells (APC)

17
Q

explain gut homeostasis with regards to T cells

A

T helper cells and T regulatory cells must remain in balance to prevent disease

18
Q

2 examples of when normal immune homeostasis goes wrong

A
  1. inflammatory bowl disease

2. coeliac disease