Alimentary Pharmacology Flashcards
drugs for acid suppression
antacids
H2 Receptor antagonists
PPI
drugs affecting GI motility
anti-emetics
antimuscarinics/ other anti-spasmodics
antimotility
drugs for inflammatory bowel disease
aminosalicylates
corticosteroids
immunosuppressants
biologics
drugs affecting intestinal secretions
bile acid sequestrates
ursodeoxycholic acid
describe antacids (e.g. Maalox)
contains Mg or Aluminium
neutralises gastric acid
taken when symptoms occure
not preventative or curative, purely symptomatic treatment
describe alginates (e.g. gaviscon)
form a viscous gel that floats on stomach contents and reduces reflux
acid suppression
describe H2 receptor antagonists mechanism and use (e.g. ranitidine)
blocks histamine receptor therefore reducing acid secretion
indicated in GORD/ peptic ulcer disease
given orally or IV
describe PPI mechanism and use (e.g. omeprazole)
irreversibly block proton pump and therefore reduce acid secretion
indicated in GORD/ peptic ulcer disease
oral or IV administration
widely used (over used?)
triple therapy if associated with H Pylori
problems associated with PPI
-GI upset
predisposition to:
- C.Diff
- Hypomagnesaemia
- B12 Deficiency
function of pro kinetic agents on the gut
increase gut motility and gastric emptying
describe the mechanism of action of GI motility drugs
not clear
involves parasympathetic nervous systems control of smooth muscle and sphincter tone (via ACh)
examples of drugs that decrease GI motility
loperamide (ammonium)
opiods
mechanism of action of drugs that decrease GI motility
via opiate receptors in GI tract to decrease ACh release.
decrease in smooth muscle contraction
increase anal sphincter tone
explain caution associated with GI motility reduction
don’t want to use it cause want to get rid of the organism causing it
use of anti-spasmodics
reduce symptoms associated with IBS, renal colic
mechanisms of action of anti-spasmodics
- anti-cholinergic muscarininc antagonists
- direct smooth muscle relaxants
- calcium channel blockers
how do anti-cholinergic muscarinic antagonists work
inhibit smooth muscle constriction in the gut wall, producing muscle relaxation and reduction spasm
how do calcium channel blockers work as anti-spasmodics
reduce calcium required for smooth muscle contraction
4 types of laxatives
bulk
osmotic
stimulant
softeners