Microbiome Manipulation in Commercially Important Animal Species

Question 1

explain the disruptions of bacteria in the fish gut

Answer 1

Higher proteobacteria and lower firmicutes in stressed fish

Question 2

explain how antibiotics alter the microorganisms of chickens

Answer 2

• higher Enterococcus and Acinetobacter
• lower Lactobacillus. Streptococcus, and Ruminococcus

Question 3

what are the affects of establishing a stable microbiota early in life

Answer 3

protection against impacts from:
- antibiotics treatment/pollution
- host gene deficiency
- mismatch environment
- infections
- non-optimized feed

Question 4

explain how microbiome manipulation can be used to help dysbiosis in animals

Answer 4

• microbiome transplant in cattle
• probiotics in fish and pigs

Question 5

microbiome transplant in cattle - limitations

Answer 5

does not produce consistent results

Question 6

probiotics in fish - limitations

Answer 6

• mechanisms largely unknown
• viability of live bacteria in large scale production is not reliable

Question 7

probiotics in pigs - limitations

Answer 7

• uses Cello-oligosaccharides
• difficult to compare results

Question 8

future of microbiome manipulation: customized combination of microbial-based therapies (CCMBT)

Answer 8

• combines environmental manipulation (diet, food, prebiotics) and animal husbandry
• Combination of animal species raised together allows selection of beneficial microorganisms
• takes into consideration diff lifestyle of manipulation (not one fits all)
• Needs to be further investigated