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Microbiomes > Gut Microbiome and Respiratory Diseases > Flashcards

Gut Microbiome and Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

compositions and functions in gut microbiome

A
  • Firmicutes
  • Proteobacteria
  • Bacteroidetes
  • Actinobacteria
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2
Q

compositions and functions - firmicutes

A
  • inhibition of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
  • butyrate production
  • ex: F. prausnitzii
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3
Q

compositions and functions - Bacteroidetes

A
  • nutrient absorption
  • maturation and maintenance of epithelial cells
  • B. thetaiotaomicron
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4
Q

compositions and functions - Actinobacteria

A
  • improves intestinal barrier function
  • inhibits inflammation
  • Bifidobacterium longum
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5
Q

compositions and functions - Proteobacteria

A
  • bacteriocin production
  • production against pathogen colonization
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6
Q

explain the relationship between gut microbiome and respiratory system

A
  • two-way relationship
  • gut microbiome and respiratory system influence each other via the gut-lung axis
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7
Q

relationship between gut microbiome and respiratory system - what is the gut-lung axis

A
  • bidirectional communication where changes in one can effect the other
  • changes are influenced through different mechanisms
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8
Q

respiratory diseases associated with the microbiome

A
  • asthma
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • cystic fibrosis (CF)
  • respiratory infections
  • COVID-19
  • pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
  • PAH-associated interstitial lung disease (PAH-ILD)
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9
Q

respiratory diseases - asthma

A

low gut diversity in infancy is linked to increased risk

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10
Q

respiratory diseases - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

altered gut microbiota is associated with disease severity and exacerbations

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11
Q

respiratory diseases - cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

decreased microbial diversity observed during infections

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12
Q

respiratory diseases - respiratory infections

A

decreased microbial diversity observed during infections

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13
Q

respiratory diseases - COVID-19

A

reduced gut diversity linked to disease severity

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14
Q

pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)

A

altered gut microbiome composition with decreased diversity and reduced butyrate-producing bacteria

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15
Q

PAH-associated interstitial lung disease (PAH-ILD)

A
  • may share similar gut microbiome alterations as seen in PAH
  • potential influence on both vascular and intestinal processes
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16
Q

early-life gut microbiota: Gracia-Maurino Alcazar at al. - systematic review findings

A
  • reviewed studies on association between early-life gut microbiota and childhood respiratory diseases
  • found evidence of a link between gut microbiome composition in early-life and respiratory outcomes
17
Q

early-life gut microbiota: Gracia-Maurino Alcazar at al. - critical window of development

A
  • 1st 100 days of life is identified as a critical period for microbiome establishment
  • gut microbiota during this time may have long lasting effects on respiratory health
18
Q

early-life gut microbiota: Gracia-Maurino Alcazar at al. - association with respiratory systems

A

specific bacterial taxa in infant gut is linked to respiratory outcomes

19
Q

respiratory tract infection (RTI): Woodall et al. - systemic review findings

A
  • reviewed studies examining gut microbiome changes in patients with RTIs compared to healthy controls
  • suggest a link between RTIs and gut microbiome alterations
20
Q

respiratory tract infection (RTI): Woodall et al. - changes in gut microbiome diversity

A
  • patients with RTIs showed decreased gut microbiome diversity compared to controls
  • lower overall abundance of bacterial taxa in RTI patients
  • specific microbial shifts observed
21
Q

respiratory tract infection (RTI): Woodall et al. - what are the microbial shifts observed

A
  • depletion of beneficial bacteria
  • enrichment of potentially harmful bacteria
22
Q

COVID-19 and the gut microbiome changes

A
  • reduced diversity and depletion of beneficial bacteria
  • increase in opportunistic pathogens
  • enrichment of harmful bacteria
23
Q

new evidence in gut microbiota and respiratory diseases - Li et al.

A
  • gut microbiota dysbiosis impacts immune responses beyond the gastrointestinal tract
  • affects lung health and respiratory diseases
24
Q

new evidence in gut microbiota and respiratory diseases: Li et al. - emerging therapeutic approaches

A
  • modulation of gut microbiota as a potential treatment strategy
  • targeted interventions to restore beneficial bacterial populations
25
Q

what is the significance of gut-lung axis research

A
  • understanding disease link
  • therapeutic potentials
  • presentation strategies
  • systemic health impact
26
Q

significance of gut-lung axis research - understanding disease link

A

reveals connections between gut dysbiosis and respiratory conditions

27
Q

significance of gut-lung axis research - therapeutic potentials

A

opens new treatment possibilities with gut-targeted therapies

28
Q

significance of gut-lung axis research - preventation strategies

A

enables development of preventive measures for respiratory illnesses through gut health maintenance

29
Q

significance of gut-lung axis research - systemic health imapcts

A

highlights how microbiomes affect overall immune function and inflammation

30
Q

what are the potential for microbiome-based interventions

A
  • targeted modulation
  • probiotics and prebiotics
  • engineered bacterial strains
  • fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)
  • dietary interventions
31
Q

microbiome-based interventions - targeted modulation

A
  • modulation of gut microbiome
  • to prevent or treat respiratory diseases
32
Q

microbiome-based interventions - probiotics and prebiotics

A

development of precision probiotics and prebiotics

33
Q

microbiome-based interventions - engineered bacterial strains

A

to deliver therapeutic molecules

34
Q

microbiome-based interventions - fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT)

A

for severe cases

35
Q

microbiome-based interventions - dietary interventions

A

microbiome-informed dietary interventions

Microbiomes (12 decks)

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