Gut Microbiome and Respiratory Diseases Flashcards
compositions and functions in gut microbiome
- Firmicutes
- Proteobacteria
- Bacteroidetes
- Actinobacteria
compositions and functions - firmicutes
- inhibition of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines
- butyrate production
- ex: F. prausnitzii
compositions and functions - Bacteroidetes
- nutrient absorption
- maturation and maintenance of epithelial cells
- B. thetaiotaomicron
compositions and functions - Actinobacteria
- improves intestinal barrier function
- inhibits inflammation
- Bifidobacterium longum
compositions and functions - Proteobacteria
- bacteriocin production
- production against pathogen colonization
explain the relationship between gut microbiome and respiratory system
- two-way relationship
- gut microbiome and respiratory system influence each other via the gut-lung axis
relationship between gut microbiome and respiratory system - what is the gut-lung axis
- bidirectional communication where changes in one can effect the other
- changes are influenced through different mechanisms
respiratory diseases associated with the microbiome
- asthma
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- cystic fibrosis (CF)
- respiratory infections
- COVID-19
- pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
- PAH-associated interstitial lung disease (PAH-ILD)
respiratory diseases - asthma
low gut diversity in infancy is linked to increased risk
respiratory diseases - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
altered gut microbiota is associated with disease severity and exacerbations
respiratory diseases - cystic fibrosis (CF)
decreased microbial diversity observed during infections
respiratory diseases - respiratory infections
decreased microbial diversity observed during infections
respiratory diseases - COVID-19
reduced gut diversity linked to disease severity
pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
altered gut microbiome composition with decreased diversity and reduced butyrate-producing bacteria
PAH-associated interstitial lung disease (PAH-ILD)
- may share similar gut microbiome alterations as seen in PAH
- potential influence on both vascular and intestinal processes
early-life gut microbiota: Gracia-Maurino Alcazar at al. - systematic review findings
- reviewed studies on association between early-life gut microbiota and childhood respiratory diseases
- found evidence of a link between gut microbiome composition in early-life and respiratory outcomes
early-life gut microbiota: Gracia-Maurino Alcazar at al. - critical window of development
- 1st 100 days of life is identified as a critical period for microbiome establishment
- gut microbiota during this time may have long lasting effects on respiratory health
early-life gut microbiota: Gracia-Maurino Alcazar at al. - association with respiratory systems
specific bacterial taxa in infant gut is linked to respiratory outcomes
respiratory tract infection (RTI): Woodall et al. - systemic review findings
- reviewed studies examining gut microbiome changes in patients with RTIs compared to healthy controls
- suggest a link between RTIs and gut microbiome alterations
respiratory tract infection (RTI): Woodall et al. - changes in gut microbiome diversity
- patients with RTIs showed decreased gut microbiome diversity compared to controls
- lower overall abundance of bacterial taxa in RTI patients
- specific microbial shifts observed
respiratory tract infection (RTI): Woodall et al. - what are the microbial shifts observed
- depletion of beneficial bacteria
- enrichment of potentially harmful bacteria
COVID-19 and the gut microbiome changes
- reduced diversity and depletion of beneficial bacteria
- increase in opportunistic pathogens
- enrichment of harmful bacteria
new evidence in gut microbiota and respiratory diseases - Li et al.
- gut microbiota dysbiosis impacts immune responses beyond the gastrointestinal tract
- affects lung health and respiratory diseases
new evidence in gut microbiota and respiratory diseases: Li et al. - emerging therapeutic approaches
- modulation of gut microbiota as a potential treatment strategy
- targeted interventions to restore beneficial bacterial populations
