L5: The Microbiome of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Flashcards
define IBD
a heterogeneous collection of chronic inflammatory disorders
IBD - what can contribute to it?
- environment
- genetic predisposition
- luminal factors, microbial intestinal
contributions - environment
- plant-based to animal-based processed diets
- smoking
- antibiotic administration
contributions - genetic predisposition
hundreds of genetic polymorphisms and mutations through genome-wide association on studies (GWAS) of IBD
contributions - luminal factors and microbiome intestinal
- no etiological agent
- major shifts in the gut microbiome have been reported in association with active disease
contributions - immune response alterations
aberrant immune response
what are the 2 conditions that IBD generally includes
- Ulcerative Colitis (UC)
- Crohn’s Disease (CD)
what is ulcerative colitis
- inflammation in the colon
- only affects the innermost layer in the gut
what is crohn’s disease
- more than just the inner layer is affects
- easier to diagnose bc it has patches of effect
explain the alpha-diversity of IBD
its significantly lower in IBD compared with healthy mucosa
explain microbial dysbiosis during IBD
increase in Proteobacterial groups
how do you study IBD
- examine amount of calprotectin
- high is correlated with IBD
what is calprotectin
a protein released by neutrophils when there is inflammation in the GI
explain microbial dysbiosis during UC
- increase in Proteobacterial groups
- including Escherichia and Haemophilus
explain the role of NOD2
regulates commensal bacteria by activating anti-inflammatory cytokines
