Microbiology - Systematic Bacteriology 2 Flashcards
What is virulence?
The damage a microbe has on the host.
What are exogenous microorganisms?
Something that is not part of the normal flora.
What is a pathogen?
A harmful organism that produces a pathology.
What is a commensal?
An organism that is part of the normal flora (endogenous).
What is an opportunistic pathogen?
An organism that causes infection when opportunity arises.
What are the 5 infectious agents?
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites and prions.
What are 2 examples of gram negative prokaryotic pathogens?
Neisseria spp. and Escherichia spp.
What are 4 examples of gram positive prokaryotic pathogens?
Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. and Clostridium.
What do aerobic gram negative cocci appear as on Gram film and what are 2 examples?
In pairs, Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
What are examples of Gm -ve bacteria associated with the GI tract?
Gut commensal coliforms and significant gut pathogens.
What does coliform mean?
Species of Gm -ve bacilli that look like E. coli on Gram film.
What is the 1st line antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by coliforms?
Gentamicin.
What does SIRS stand for?
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome.
What are examples of Gram positive pathogens?
Streptococcus and Enterococcus.
What is hemolysis?
Destruction and rupturation of RBC.
How do you identify Streptococcus spp.?
Hemolysis.
What are the 3 results of hemolysis and which shows Streptococcus is present?
Alpha, beta and gamma.
Alpha has a green colour (pneunomia)
Beta has bleaching and is results of Group A Strep.
Gamma has no effect, enterococci.
What associated diseases does Group A Strep. cause?
Scarlet Fever, Beta-haemolytic, streptococcus pyogenes, invasive diseases and peurperal sepsis.
What is the first line of treatment for infections caused by anaerobes?
Metronidazole.
What is pneumonia?
Acute inflammation of lungs, caused by inhaled pneumococci.
Is Enterococci a problem?
Part of natural bowel flora, can cause problems if they get into naturally sterile sites.
Which type of staphylococcus is Gm +ve and -ve?
Staph. aureus is +ve
Staph. Epidermis is -ve.
