Anatomy - Reproductive System Flashcards
What is a gamete?
A haploid cell. Slide 2
What is the male gamete called?
Spermatozoa. Slide 2
What is the female gamete called?
Oocyte or ovum. Slide 2
What are gonads?
The general genitalia. Slide 2
Where is the pelvic cavity situated?
Within the bony pelvis. Slide 3
What bones make up the pelvic inlet?
The sacrum, the ilium and the pubic bone. Slide 3
What bones make up the pelvic outlet?
The ischium, the inferior part of the pubic bone and the coccyx. Slide 3
What is the pelvic inlet?
The way into the pelvic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Slide 3
What is the pelvic outlet?
It is the way into the perineum from the pelvis. Slide 3
What is the characteristic of the pelvic cavity with the abdominal cavity?
It is continuous. Slide 3
What is the pelvic floor?
It is the internal wall of skeletal muscle which separates the pelvic cavity and perineum. Slide 4
What is the perineum?
The area between the legs and is inferior to the pelvic floor. Slide 4
What is the parietal peritoneum?
It is the thin membranous lining forming the pelvic ‘roof’. Slide 5
How does the parietal peritoneum work?
It is the lining of the abdominal cavity. It is firmly attached to the walls and drapes over the pelvic viscera. Slide 5
What is the peritoneal cavity?
The potential space the peritoneum creates. Slide 5
What are the two pouches in the peritoneum?
The vesico-uterine pouch and the rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas). Slide 6
Why is the pouch of Douglas of clinical importance?
When standing in an upright position, it is the most inferior part of the peritoneal cavity so fluid that should not be there often drains to that pouch. Slide 6
What is the most anterior to posterior in the female surface anatomy?
External urethral orifice (urinary tract), vaginal orifice (female genital tract) and the anus (gastrointestinal tract). Slide 8
What are the main parts of the female reproductive system?
The ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus and vagina. Slide 9
What makes up the uterine tubes in the female reproductive system?
The fimbriae, infundibulum (funnel), ampulla and isthmus. Slide 9
What are the reproductive organs in a female?
The ovaries. Slide 9
Are the fimbriae connected directly to the ovaries?
No, there is a space opening into the peritoneal cavity. Slide 9
What are the 3 layers of the uterus wall?
The perimetrium, myometrium and endometrium. Slide 9
What muscle is the myometrium made up of?
Smooth muscle. Slide 9
What characteristics does the endometrium have?
It is a superficial layer and changes with the menstrual cycle. Slide 9
What is the cycle of menstruation?
1 Ovum is released from the surface of the ovary into the peritoneal cavity. It is then gathered by fimbriae into infundibulum of uterine tube. It is moved along the tube by cilia and if it is not fertilised, it is expelled by contractions of the myometrium. Slide 10
Where does fertilisation usually occur?
In the ampulla. Slide 10
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
When the fertilised ovum implants outwith the uterine cavity e.g. tubal pregnancy or abdominal pregnancy. This is very dangerous as it has a potential of haemorrhage. Slide 11
What threat do STIs hold for the female reproductive system?
Can spread via the uterus and uterine tubes to the peritoneal cavity causing peritonitis. Slide 11
How are females sterilised and what is it called?
Tubal ligation - both tubes are cut, clipped or cauterised causing the lumen to be blocked. STIs can also block the tubes. Slide 12
What is the anatomical position of the penis?
Erect. Slide 13
What is the anterior part of the penis?
The underside as it is erect. Slide 13
What passes through the urethra of the penis?
Urine and ejaculation of sperm. Slide 13
Where are the testes during development in a male?
On the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. Slide 14
By birth where have the testes gone?
descended to the scrotum through the anterior abdominal wall - inguinal canal.
Where is sperm produced?
Seminiferous tubules. Slide 15
What is the function of the Dartos muscle?
It is in the testes and is a smooth muscle. It wrinkles the skin of the testes to reduce surface area when the temp. gets too cold. Slide 15
What are the 6 parts of the testes?
Vas Deferens, head and tail of the epididymis, seminiferous tubules, dartos muscle and the rete testis. Slide 15
Where does the sperm move out of the testes?
Pass into the rete testes, into the superior head of the epididymis to the inferior tail and then the epididymis changes into the vas deferens. Slide 15
What does the spermatic cord contain?
Vas deferens, testicular artery and the pampiniform plexus of veins. Slide 16
What happens when the testes spermatic cord twists?
The torsion causes the blood supply to disrupt and be cut off, causing severe pain which causes the danger of testicular necrosis. Slide 16
What does the sperm encounter when they travel through the vas deferens to the penis?
Pass through the vas deferens down the back of the bladder and the seminal gland produces seminal fluid to combine with the sperm. The semen passes through the prostatic urethra to the spongey (penile) urethra. Slide 17
When is sperm classified as semen?
When the seminal fluid combines with the sperm to create semen. Slide 17
What does the prostatic urethra do?
Drains urine from bladder and passes the semen in ejaculation. Slide 17
In a penis which is not erect, name the 4 parts from superior to inferior?
Root, body, glans and external urethral orifice. Slide 18
How many cylinders of erectile tissue is there in a penis?
3 cylinders and they become engorged with blood at arterial pressure. Slide 18
What are the male reproductive organs?
The testes. Slide 19
What are the accessory reproductive organs?
Vas deferens, seminal glands, prostate glands and penis. Slide 19
Where does the spermatic cord pass through?
The anterior abdominal wall within the inguinal canal to reach the pelvic cavity. Each vas deferens connects with the seminal gland duct to form the ejaculatory duct. The two ejaculatory ducts combine in the prostate gland and drain to the urethra. Slide 20
How are males sterilised?
By a vasectomy where the vas deferens are transected and sutured closed bilaterally. Slide 21
