Anatomy - How clinicians communicate Flashcards
What is the anatomical position?
Fee facing forward, head, shoulders, palms and eyes facing anterior. Standing fully erect.
What are the 3 anatomical planes?
Transverse/axial
Frontal/coronal
Sagittal
What does the transverse/axial plane do?
Split the body into an upper and lower region.
What does the frontal/coronal plane do?
Split the body into an anterior and posterior region.
What does the sagittal plane do?
Splits the body into half creating a left and right side.
What does left and right mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
Left and right always from the patients side.
What does anterior/ventral and posterior/dorsal mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
Anterior = front Posterior = back
What does Superior/cranial/rostral and inferior/caudal mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
Superior = closer to the top of the head Inferior = further from the top of the head
What does medial and lateral mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
Medial = closer to the centre line of the body Lateral = further away from the centre of the body
What does proximal and distal mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
Proximal = Closer to the joint attached to the body Distal = further away from the joint attached to the body
What does Superficial and deep mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
Superficial = closer to the surface Deep = further away from the surface
What does external and internal mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
External = further away from centre of body Internal = Closer to centre of body
What are the dorsal sides of the wrist, hand, tongue and feet?
Wrist = posterior Hand = posterior Tongue = posterior Feet = superior
What are the opposites of dorsal for the wrist, hand, tongue and feet?
Wrist = volar Hand = palmer Tongue = ventral Feet = plantar
What does major and minor mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
Major = relatively larger of structures with same names Minor = relatively smaller of structures with same names
What does unilateral mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
A single structure on one side.
What does midline mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
A single structure in the midline of the body
What does bilateral mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
1 structure on both sides of the body
What does contralateral mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
Different sides
What does ipsilateral mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
Same sides
What does superolateral mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
High and to the side.
What does flexion and extension mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
Flexion = decreasing the angle between the bones Extension = increasing the angle between the bones
What does abduction and adduction mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
Abduction = movement away from the median plane Adduction = movement towards the median plane
What does later and medial rotation mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
Lateral rotation = rotation away from the medial plane
Medial rotation = rotation towards the medial plane.
What is circumduction?
The circular movement at a joint
What does eversion and inversion mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
Eversion = sole of foot rotates away from median plane Inversion = sole of foot rotates towards median plane
What does pronation and supination mean in anatomical terms of relationship?
Pronation = anterior surface of forearm rotates so palm is posterior Supination = anterior surfaces of the forearm rotates so palm is anterior
What is abduction of the digits?
Spreading of the fingers.
What is adduction of the digits?
Closing of spread fingers.
What is pronation of the palm?
Back of the hand is facing anterior
What is supination of the palm?
Palm is facing anterior
What is abduction of the thumb?
Taking the thumb anteriorly away from the palm (duck beak motion)
What is adduction of the thumb?
Adding the thumb back to the palm
What is extension of the thumb?
The thumb moving laterally away from the palm in the coronal plane
What is flexion of the thumb?
Thumb crossing over the palm in a medial direction
