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Infectious Disease > Microbiology Review Done Right > Flashcards

Microbiology Review Done Right Flashcards

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1
Q

General notes staphylococci

A

Gram positive facultative anaerobes, skin infections are most common

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2
Q

Staph aureus

A
  • Gram +
  • Pustules, boils, abscess, cellulitis (red swollen skin affecting lower leg), scalded skin syndrome (babies and children), food poisoning, TSS
  • Anti staph PCN or 1st gen cephalosporin
  • Responsible for most cases of staph in humans
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3
Q

Staph epidermidis

A
  • Gram +
  • Surgical wound infections, medical procedural infections
  • Vancomycin (has resistance to PCNs)
  • Part of normal flora, causes infection on prosthetic implants as it attaches to the plastic
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4
Q

General notes streptococci

A

Gram pos cocci, most are facultative anaerobes, hemolytic activity (a/B/y)

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5
Q

Strep pyogenes

A
  • Gram +
  • impetigo (often in children or daycares), erysipelas (bright aised lesions on skin), pharyngitis, scarlet fever (strawberry tongue), pneumonia, cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis (flesheating disease), TSS, acute glomerulonephritis (antibody complexes in kidney), Rheumatic fever
  • PCN’s
  • important human pathogen capable of producing infections and post infection diseases
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6
Q

Viridans strep

A
  • Gram +
  • S. mutans, S. salivarius, S. Sanguis, cause dental caries and bacterial endocarditis
  • none listed
  • do not belong to Lancefield group of other strep species
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7
Q

Strep pneumoniae

A
  • Gram +

- 80% of cases of bacteria pneumonia, also meningitis, otis media, septicemia

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8
Q

General notes enterococci

A

Gram pos cocci part of normal fecal flora, can persist on fomites for a long time, common cause of nosocomial infections, sensitive to synergistic combo of B-lactam and aminoglycosides, except some resistant, including other classes like VRE

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9
Q

Niesseria gonorrhoeae

A
  • gram -
  • Cause gonorrhea,, PID, and sterility in females
  • treatment not listed
  • Does not produce a capsule
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10
Q

Niesseria meningitidis

A
  • gram -
  • Cause contagious spinal meningitis, hemorrhagic rash
  • treatment not listed
  • does produce a capsule
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11
Q

General notes moraxella

A

Gram neg aerobic coccobacilli, variety are part of human flora, mostly seen in immunocompromised hosts

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12
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A
  • Gram -
  • Infection of respiratory system, middle ear, eye, CNS, joints
  • Treatment depends on results of sensitivity testing
  • formerly known as brahnemella
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13
Q

General notes acinetobacter

A

Gram neg coccobacilli encapsulated and obligate aerobe, found in soil, water, objects, may colonize skin but limited virulence

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14
Q

General notes bacilli

A

Large gram pos rods can produce endospores

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15
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A
  • gram +
  • anthrax (woolsorter’s disease - inflammation, edema, hemorrhage)
  • PCN
  • Normally found in livestock
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16
Q

General notes clostridia

A

Gram positive, spore forming rods also obligate anaerobes

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17
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A
  • Gram +
  • Enterotoxin, food poisoning, gangrene, shock
  • no treatment listed
  • Type A is most commonly found to cause disease, despite this it lives in 25% of healthy colons
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18
Q

Clostridium tetani

A
  • Gram +
  • Tetanus exotoxin
  • tetanus toxoid
  • Spores have tennis racket appearance and are found in rust
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19
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A
  • Gram +
  • Botulinin toxin resulting in paralysis/paresis
  • antitoxin treatment
  • Often seen in canned foods
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20
Q

Clostridium difficile

A
  • Gram +
  • Cytopathic exotoxins from antibiotic induced pseudomembranrous colitis
  • vancomycin
  • issue with broad spectrum antibiotic therapy
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21
Q

General notes Enterobacteriaceae

A

Enteric gram neg rods facultative anaerobes, that are pathogens or inhabit normal GI tract, contain LPS as virulence factor

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22
Q

E. coli

A
  • gram -
  • UTI, gastroenteritis
  • no treatment listed
  • prominent member of indigenous flora of intestinal tract
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23
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A
  • gram -
  • pulmonary disease, nosocomial UTI, epidemic diarrhea of newborn
  • no treatment listed
  • produces large antiphagocytic capsule
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24
Q

E. cloacae and E. aerogenes

A
  • gram -
  • 2ndary infections in hospital patients
  • None listed
  • Indwelling catheters or invasive procedures
25
Q

Serratia marcescens

A
  • gram -
  • Nosocomial UTI, bacteriemia, lower respiratory tract infections
  • none listed
  • often in hospitalized patients
26
Q

Proteus vulgaris, mirabilis, rettgeri

A
  • gram -
  • Oppportunistic UTI, wound infections, acute enteritis in children
  • No treatment listed
  • Don’t cause infection unless in place not normally found “summers diarhea”
27
Q

General notes Providencia and morangella

A

Agents of UTI and other extraintestinal infections associated with compromised patients

28
Q

General notes salmonella

A

Facultative anaerobe gram neg rods, often found in poultry products, can cause typhoid fever, septicemia, gastroenteritis

29
Q

General notes shigella

A

gram neg rods, etiologic agents of bacillary dysentary, humans are only reservoir, acquired by ingesting contaminated food or water

30
Q

General notes vibrios

A

Short, curved gram neg rods that are motile, closely related to enterbacteriaciae

31
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A
  • gram neg
  • Human cholera diarrhea syndrome
  • no treatment listed
  • Found in eastern countries like bangladesh (throwback thursday)
32
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus

A
  • gram neg
  • acute enteritis
  • no treatment listed
  • require high salt conc. to grow, found in seafood
33
Q

General notes campylobacter

A

curved, spiral, gram neg rods infection via oral fecal route, leading cause of foodborne illness in US, treated with electrolyte replacement and treated with PCN

34
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A
  • gram -
  • acute gastritis and gastric ulcers, chronic gastritis
  • triple antibiotic therapy
  • releases urease to protect self from stomach acid
35
Q

Bacteroides fragilis

A
  • gram -
  • Peritonitis, gynecologic infections, endocarditis
  • No treatment listed
  • may acount for 99% of fecal flora
36
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A
  • gram -
  • nosocomial infections from long term antibiotic treatment
  • none listed
  • another hospital illness in immunosuppressed people
37
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A
  • gram -
  • respiratory and meningeal infections in children
  • ampicillin or chloramphenicol
  • obligate human parasite
38
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi

A
  • gram -
  • chancre on genitals (soft unlike syphilis)
  • Bactrim
  • Sexually transmitted
39
Q

Haemophilus aegyptius

A
  • gram -
  • conjunctivitis
  • tetracycline
  • uhhhh
40
Q

Bordatella pertussis

A
  • gram - coccobacilli
  • whooping cough (three stages, catarrhal stage cough, paroxysmal stage explosive cough, convalescent)
  • tetracyclines, macrolides
  • vaccine available
41
Q

General notes brucella

A

Small gram neg rods, transmitted from unpasteurized milk, cause chills, fever, malaise, tetracycline treatment

42
Q

Yersinia pestis

A
  • gram -
  • plague
  • aggressive antibiotic therapy
  • includes bubonic (lymph nodes) septicemic, pneumonic
43
Q

Treponema pallidum

A
  • gram -
  • syphilis, phase 1 (sexual contact, chancre appears) phase 2 (lesions on skin and mucus membrane) phase 3 (gumma on organs, CNS involvement mental deterioration)
  • PCN for primary and secondary forms
  • congenital syphilus is a thing, fetus often killed or left disabled
44
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A
  • none
  • lyme disease via tick causing bulls eye rash, paralysis and meningitis, arthritis
  • doxycyline and amoxicilin
  • found throughout US
45
Q

General notes mycobacteria

A

Aerobic, rod shaped acid fast, do not release toxins, all damage is from host defenses

46
Q

Mycobacteria tuberculosis

A
  • Acid fast
  • Tubercle formation on lung
  • several drugs
  • Vaccine BCG exists but not used in US
47
Q

Mycobacteria leprae

A
  • acid fast
  • leprosy/hansen’s disease, lepromas on skin
  • sulfones, sometimes with rifampin
  • spread by extended contact with infected, gives face leopard like appearance
48
Q

General notes chlamydia

A

Obligate intracellular parasites formerly thought to be viruses

49
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A
  • gram neg
  • trachoma leading to blindness, inclusion conjunctivitis, genital infections, venereal disease
  • tetracycline
  • sexual activity very similar to gonorrhea
50
Q

Chlamydia psittaci

A
  • gram neg
  • pneumonitis
  • tetracycline
  • frquently carried by bird feces
51
Q

General notes rickettsiae

A

Obligate intracellular bacteria, generally have animal reservoirs transmitted to humans via vectors, small gram neg bacteria

52
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A
  • gram -
  • rocky mountain spotted fever (maculopapular rash,) high fever
  • tetracycline
  • transmitted via ticks
53
Q

Rickettsia akara

A
  • gram -
  • Rickettsialpox, skin rash resembles chicken pox
  • treatment not listed
  • nothing
54
Q

Rickettsia prowazekii

A
  • gram -
  • epidemmic typhus, invades bloodstream and causes maculopapular rash
  • tetracyclines
  • often spread through lice
55
Q

Rickettsia typhi

A
  • gram -
  • endemic typhus, maculopapular rash and fever
  • tetracyclines
  • often spread through rats
  • more mild than epidemic typhus
56
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A
  • none
  • walking pneumonia
  • erythromycin
  • mycoplasmas have no cell walls
57
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A
  • gram -
  • causes legionnaires’ disease (severe lung infection)
  • erythromycin
  • first recognized at convention in philie
58
Q

Cornyebacterium diphtheriae

A
  • gram +
  • diptheria (sore throat, neck swelling, airway closur)
  • antitoxins
  • immunization is part of DPT vaccine
59
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A
  • gram +
  • listerosis, sepsis, meningitis
  • none listed
  • from unpasteurized milk and cheese

Infectious Disease (24 decks)

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