Microbiology Review Done Right Flashcards
Get it boi
1
Q
General notes staphylococci
A
Gram positive facultative anaerobes, skin infections are most common
2
Q
Staph aureus
A
- Gram +
- Pustules, boils, abscess, cellulitis (red swollen skin affecting lower leg), scalded skin syndrome (babies and children), food poisoning, TSS
- Anti staph PCN or 1st gen cephalosporin
- Responsible for most cases of staph in humans
3
Q
Staph epidermidis
A
- Gram +
- Surgical wound infections, medical procedural infections
- Vancomycin (has resistance to PCNs)
- Part of normal flora, causes infection on prosthetic implants as it attaches to the plastic
4
Q
General notes streptococci
A
Gram pos cocci, most are facultative anaerobes, hemolytic activity (a/B/y)
5
Q
Strep pyogenes
A
- Gram +
- impetigo (often in children or daycares), erysipelas (bright aised lesions on skin), pharyngitis, scarlet fever (strawberry tongue), pneumonia, cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis (flesheating disease), TSS, acute glomerulonephritis (antibody complexes in kidney), Rheumatic fever
- PCN’s
- important human pathogen capable of producing infections and post infection diseases
6
Q
Viridans strep
A
- Gram +
- S. mutans, S. salivarius, S. Sanguis, cause dental caries and bacterial endocarditis
- none listed
- do not belong to Lancefield group of other strep species
7
Q
Strep pneumoniae
A
- Gram +
- 80% of cases of bacteria pneumonia, also meningitis, otis media, septicemia
8
Q
General notes enterococci
A
Gram pos cocci part of normal fecal flora, can persist on fomites for a long time, common cause of nosocomial infections, sensitive to synergistic combo of B-lactam and aminoglycosides, except some resistant, including other classes like VRE
9
Q
Niesseria gonorrhoeae
A
- gram -
- Cause gonorrhea,, PID, and sterility in females
- treatment not listed
- Does not produce a capsule
10
Q
Niesseria meningitidis
A
- gram -
- Cause contagious spinal meningitis, hemorrhagic rash
- treatment not listed
- does produce a capsule
11
Q
General notes moraxella
A
Gram neg aerobic coccobacilli, variety are part of human flora, mostly seen in immunocompromised hosts
12
Q
Moraxella catarrhalis
A
- Gram -
- Infection of respiratory system, middle ear, eye, CNS, joints
- Treatment depends on results of sensitivity testing
- formerly known as brahnemella
13
Q
General notes acinetobacter
A
Gram neg coccobacilli encapsulated and obligate aerobe, found in soil, water, objects, may colonize skin but limited virulence
14
Q
General notes bacilli
A
Large gram pos rods can produce endospores
15
Q
Bacillus anthracis
A
- gram +
- anthrax (woolsorter’s disease - inflammation, edema, hemorrhage)
- PCN
- Normally found in livestock
16
Q
General notes clostridia
A
Gram positive, spore forming rods also obligate anaerobes
17
Q
Clostridium perfringens
A
- Gram +
- Enterotoxin, food poisoning, gangrene, shock
- no treatment listed
- Type A is most commonly found to cause disease, despite this it lives in 25% of healthy colons
18
Q
Clostridium tetani
A
- Gram +
- Tetanus exotoxin
- tetanus toxoid
- Spores have tennis racket appearance and are found in rust
19
Q
Clostridium botulinum
A
- Gram +
- Botulinin toxin resulting in paralysis/paresis
- antitoxin treatment
- Often seen in canned foods
20
Q
Clostridium difficile
A
- Gram +
- Cytopathic exotoxins from antibiotic induced pseudomembranrous colitis
- vancomycin
- issue with broad spectrum antibiotic therapy
21
Q
General notes Enterobacteriaceae
A
Enteric gram neg rods facultative anaerobes, that are pathogens or inhabit normal GI tract, contain LPS as virulence factor
22
Q
E. coli
A
- gram -
- UTI, gastroenteritis
- no treatment listed
- prominent member of indigenous flora of intestinal tract
23
Q
Klebsiella pneumoniae
A
- gram -
- pulmonary disease, nosocomial UTI, epidemic diarrhea of newborn
- no treatment listed
- produces large antiphagocytic capsule
24
Q
E. cloacae and E. aerogenes
A
- gram -
- 2ndary infections in hospital patients
- None listed
- Indwelling catheters or invasive procedures
25
Serratia marcescens
- gram -
- Nosocomial UTI, bacteriemia, lower respiratory tract infections
- none listed
- often in hospitalized patients
26
Proteus vulgaris, mirabilis, rettgeri
- gram -
- Oppportunistic UTI, wound infections, acute enteritis in children
- No treatment listed
- Don't cause infection unless in place not normally found "summers diarhea"
27
General notes Providencia and morangella
Agents of UTI and other extraintestinal infections associated with compromised patients
28
General notes salmonella
Facultative anaerobe gram neg rods, often found in poultry products, can cause typhoid fever, septicemia, gastroenteritis
29
General notes shigella
gram neg rods, etiologic agents of bacillary dysentary, humans are only reservoir, acquired by ingesting contaminated food or water
30
General notes vibrios
Short, curved gram neg rods that are motile, closely related to enterbacteriaciae
31
Vibrio cholerae
- gram neg
- Human cholera diarrhea syndrome
- no treatment listed
- Found in eastern countries like bangladesh (throwback thursday)
32
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
- gram neg
- acute enteritis
- no treatment listed
- require high salt conc. to grow, found in seafood
33
General notes campylobacter
curved, spiral, gram neg rods infection via oral fecal route, leading cause of foodborne illness in US, treated with electrolyte replacement and treated with PCN
34
Helicobacter pylori
- gram -
- acute gastritis and gastric ulcers, chronic gastritis
- triple antibiotic therapy
- releases urease to protect self from stomach acid
35
Bacteroides fragilis
- gram -
- Peritonitis, gynecologic infections, endocarditis
- No treatment listed
- may acount for 99% of fecal flora
36
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- gram -
- nosocomial infections from long term antibiotic treatment
- none listed
- another hospital illness in immunosuppressed people
37
Haemophilus influenzae
- gram -
- respiratory and meningeal infections in children
- ampicillin or chloramphenicol
- obligate human parasite
38
Haemophilus ducreyi
- gram -
- chancre on genitals (soft unlike syphilis)
- Bactrim
- Sexually transmitted
39
Haemophilus aegyptius
- gram -
- conjunctivitis
- tetracycline
- uhhhh
40
Bordatella pertussis
- gram - coccobacilli
- whooping cough (three stages, catarrhal stage *cough*, paroxysmal stage *explosive cough*, convalescent)
- tetracyclines, macrolides
- vaccine available
41
General notes brucella
Small gram neg rods, transmitted from unpasteurized milk, cause chills, fever, malaise, tetracycline treatment
42
Yersinia pestis
- gram -
- plague
- aggressive antibiotic therapy
- includes bubonic (lymph nodes) septicemic, pneumonic
43
Treponema pallidum
- gram -
- syphilis, phase 1 (sexual contact, chancre appears) phase 2 (lesions on skin and mucus membrane) phase 3 (gumma on organs, CNS involvement mental deterioration)
- PCN for primary and secondary forms
- congenital syphilus is a thing, fetus often killed or left disabled
44
Borrelia burgdorferi
- none
- lyme disease via tick causing bulls eye rash, paralysis and meningitis, arthritis
- doxycyline and amoxicilin
- found throughout US
45
General notes mycobacteria
Aerobic, rod shaped acid fast, do not release toxins, all damage is from host defenses
46
Mycobacteria tuberculosis
- Acid fast
- Tubercle formation on lung
- several drugs
- Vaccine BCG exists but not used in US
47
Mycobacteria leprae
- acid fast
- leprosy/hansen's disease, lepromas on skin
- sulfones, sometimes with rifampin
- spread by extended contact with infected, gives face leopard like appearance
48
General notes chlamydia
Obligate intracellular parasites formerly thought to be viruses
49
Chlamydia trachomatis
- gram neg
- trachoma leading to blindness, inclusion conjunctivitis, genital infections, venereal disease
- tetracycline
- sexual activity very similar to gonorrhea
50
Chlamydia psittaci
- gram neg
- pneumonitis
- tetracycline
- frquently carried by bird feces
51
General notes rickettsiae
Obligate intracellular bacteria, generally have animal reservoirs transmitted to humans via vectors, small gram neg bacteria
52
Rickettsia rickettsii
- gram -
- rocky mountain spotted fever (maculopapular rash,) high fever
- tetracycline
- transmitted via ticks
53
Rickettsia akara
- gram -
- Rickettsialpox, skin rash resembles chicken pox
- treatment not listed
- nothing
54
Rickettsia prowazekii
- gram -
- epidemmic typhus, invades bloodstream and causes maculopapular rash
- tetracyclines
- often spread through lice
55
Rickettsia typhi
- gram -
- endemic typhus, maculopapular rash and fever
- tetracyclines
- often spread through rats
- more mild than epidemic typhus
56
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- none
- walking pneumonia
- erythromycin
- mycoplasmas have no cell walls
57
Legionella pneumophila
- gram -
- causes legionnaires' disease (severe lung infection)
- erythromycin
- first recognized at convention in philie
58
Cornyebacterium diphtheriae
- gram +
- diptheria (sore throat, neck swelling, airway closur)
- antitoxins
- immunization is part of DPT vaccine
59
Listeria monocytogenes
- gram +
- listerosis, sepsis, meningitis
- none listed
- from unpasteurized milk and cheese
