Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Infectious Disease > Microbiology Review > Flashcards

Microbiology Review Flashcards

6/13/19

1
Q

Facultative anaerobe

A

Capable of making ATP by aerobic respiration if O2 is available, but also capable of making ATP via fermentation if O2 is not present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Most common type of staph infection

A

Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Often the cause of infection of prosthetic implants

A

S. epidermidis, can develop factors that facilitate attachment to plastic surfaces to act as virulence factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Streptococci

A

-Gram positive cocci that are often facultative anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a hemolysis

A

Incomplete destruction of erythrocytes, resulting in green coloration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

B hemolysis

A

Complete destruction of erythrocytes results in clear distinct zone around colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gamma hemlysis

A

no hemolysis on blood agar, no visible effect on agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Impetigo

A

Contagious skin infection accompanied by pus, common in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Strep throat, often caused by S pyogenes that produes streptokinase which breaks down fibrin clots and permits the organism to spread to other tissues, large lymph nodes with inflamed tissues and tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Strep throat, often caused by S pyogenes that produes streptokinase which breaks down fibrin clots and permits the organism to spread to other tissues, large lymph nodes with inflamed tissues and tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Examples of post infection diseases

A

-Acute glomerulonephritis (antibody to specific antigen buildup in kidney)
-Rheumatic fever (inflammation of heart tissues and around the joints producing rheumatoid arthritis)
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Examples of post infection diseases

A
  • Acute glomerulonephritis (antibody to specific antigen buildup in kidney)
  • Rheumatic fever (inflammation of heart tissues and around the joints producing rheumatoid arthritis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Viridan’s streptococci causes….

A

…-dental caries, bacterial endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Enterococci

A

Formerly known as group D streptococci, are part of normal fecal flora, but can colonize oral mucosa membranes and skin, particularly in a hospital setting. Very resistant to environment, fairly common cause of nosocomial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

VRE

A

Vancomycin resistant enterococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

N. gonorrhoeae

A

Does not produce a capsule, causees gonorrhea, transmitted by sexual contact, frequent cause of PID and sterility in females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

N. Meningidis

A

um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Moraxella genus common infections

A

Respiratory system, middle ear, eye, CNS, and joints, most common to see in imunocompromised hosts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Genus acetinobacter

A

Liimited pathogenic potential because they cannot produce toxins, can infect virtually any site of the body, often resistant to many forms of antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bacilli

A

Genus of large gram positive rods characterized by their ability to produce endospores that are resistant to heat and chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anthrax toxin effects

A

Septicemia, meningitis, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

5 types of C. perfringens

A

Types A, C, and D cause disease in humans, 80% of environmental isolates belong to this type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gas gangrene

A

caused by exotoxin producing clostridium species mostly found in soil, also gut flora, and contaminated food

24
Q

C. tetani

A

Etiologic agent of tetanus due to release of exotoxin

25
Q

C. Botulinum

A

Etiologic agent of botulism due to release of neurotoxin, most often in contaminated food such as home canned, low acid vegetables (don’t eat the bulged can!)

26
Q

C. difficile

A

Associated with broad spectrum antibiotic therapy resulting in C diff overgrowth and secretion of cytopathic exotoxins

27
Q

Enterobacteriaceae members

A
  • salmonella
  • Klebsiella
  • Proteus
  • e. coli
28
Q

Most common cause of UTI

A

E. coli in the bladder

29
Q

Enterobacter species

A

Occur as indigenous intestinal flora, rarely cause of infection but frequently colonize hospitalized patients and can cause wound infection, respiratory tract infection, or UTI

30
Q

Serratia species

A

Important cause of nosocomial UTI, can also infect the lower respiraotyr fact

31
Q

Proteus species

A

Gram negative rods, extremely motile opportunistic pathogens, do not cause infection unless adhere to a place not normally found

32
Q

Common cause of septicemia

A

S. choleraesius

33
Q

S. enteridis

A

cause of gastroenteritis, particularly from undercooked chicken

34
Q

Shigella species

A

Etiologic agents of bacillary dysentary, characterized by presence of inflammatory cells and occasionally blood in watery stools, non motile gram neg rods, humans are only reservoir of shigellae, acquiring by igesting contaminated food and water

35
Q

Vibrio

A

Members are short, curved, gram negative rods, motile by means of polar flagella and closely rleated to enterobacteriaciae

36
Q

Campylobacter and helicobacter

A

2 groups of gram neg organisms both curved and spiral shaped and are genetically related

37
Q

Campylobacter

A

Curved, spiral, gram neg rods with single polar flagellum, may cause both intestinal and extraintestinal disease can cause acute enteritis following 1 to 7 days incubation, very preventable by fully cooking food

38
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Gram negative microaerophilic bacterium found in stomach that produces urease, curved or spiral with rapid corscrew motility due to flagella, causes acute gastritis and duodenal and gastric ulcers, can colonize stomach

39
Q

Bacteroides

A

Genus composed of obligate anaerobic gram neg rods that do not form spores, primarily inhabit the GI tract, may account for 99% of fecal flora, often seen in a mixed flora infection with other bacteria

40
Q

Pseudomonads

A

Obligate aerobic gram negative rods, patients prone to infection are those receiving long term antibiotic therapy and UTI introduction from catheterization

41
Q

Haemophilus species

A

Require components of blood for growth

42
Q

H. ducreyi

A

Etiologic agent of conjunctivitis, forms chancre, sexually transmitted

43
Q

Bordatella pertusis

A

Cause of whooping cough, 3 stage of disease, catarrhal stage, paroxymal stage, and convalescent stage

44
Q

Zoonoses

A

Small gram negative rods that are etiologic agents of diseases in animals that can be transmitted to humans, include brucella species

45
Q

Yersinia

A

Gram neg rod, cause of the plague (transmitted by rat flea), lymph node inflammation called bubonic plague, eventually becomes septicemic plague

46
Q

Treponema species

A

Most important pathogen to humans is syphillis, transmitted during sexual contact (except in the case of congenital syphilis), if accelerated to tertiary phase can cause gumma formation which can cause CNS paralysis, aortic aneyrism

47
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Lyme disease cause, causes bullseye rash on skin from tic bite

48
Q

Mycobacteria

A

large lipids in their membrane make it hard to stain (acid fast), do not produce toxins but tissue damage due to local effects and host efforts, M. Tuberculosis is the key example, organisms inhaled as small droplet produced by individuals with active pulmonary infection, form tubercle (nodules on lung tissue) surrounded by macrophages and T lymphocytes

49
Q

M. Leprae

A

Agent of leprosy/hansen’s disease, often seen in immigration to US, requires prolonged contact with individuals, cutaneous lepromas giving leonine appearance

50
Q

Chlamydia

A

Obligate intracellular parasites (like viruses) have cell wall resembing gram neg bacteria, growth cycle takes place within host cells and differentiate into reticulate bodies

51
Q

C. trachomatis

A

Cause of eye infecction worldwide distribution, most common form of neonatal conjuntivitis, rarely causes blindness, moreso seen in genital infections

52
Q

C. psittaci

A

Psittacosis occurs naturally in a variety of wild and domestic birds, those who work around birds vulnurable

53
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Causes rocky mountain spotted fever,

54
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Causes micoplasma penumonia small bacteria that lack cell walls

55
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Causes Legionnaire’s disease, exists where water collects and is airborne in wind gusts, erythromycin is used for therapy

56
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Small gram positive bacterium, can cause listeristic meningitis

Infectious Disease (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions