Gram+ Infections Lecture Flashcards
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Gram + cocci catalase test results
Positive is staph, negative is strep
Gram + cocci coagulase test results
Positive is staph aureus
Negative is staph epidermidis
Skin ointnment to prevent staph aureus infection
Mupirocin
How is S. aureus spread?
Environmental surfaces, air, nasal carriage
Localized staph aureus infections
- Folliculitis (not to be confused with hot tub folliculitis)
- Carbuncle and Furnucles
- Impetigo (also caused by strep pyogenes)
- Cellulitis
Localized staph aureus infections with systemic effects
- Scalded skin syndrome
- Toxic shock syndrome
Invasive staph aureus infections
- Endocarditis
- Bacteriemia
- Acute food poisoning episode
4 toxins staph aureus releases
Enterotoxin, exfoliatin, a toxin, TSS toxin
Why is last menstruation important in history when determining possibility of TSS?
No bacteremia will show up on a test, just systemic toxins are present so you might miss if you don’t know
Primary treatment for staph aureus? Treatment if allergic to that?
PCN or cephalosporin, erythromycin if allergic
MRSA outpatient and inpatient treatment
Outpatient - clindamycin, bactrim, doxycycline
Inpatient - vancomycin
Staph saprophyticus is a common cause of this….
….UTIs in young women
Gram - cocci blood agar test results
a hemolysis - strep pneumoniae or viridans
B hemolysis - strep pyogenes
y hemolysis - Enterococcus
S pyogenes typically colonizes where?
Upper respiratory tract to cause bacterial pharyngitis
S. pneumoniae has the unique appearance of a…
…encapsulated diplococci
S. pyogenes common localized infections
Impetigo (not as common as with s. aureus), necrotizing fasciitis, gangrene, erysipelas
S. pyogenes common invasive infections
Bacterial pharyngitis Scarlett fever throat abscesses Rheumatic fever Glomerulonephritis
S. agalactiae
Group B B hemolytic strep number one cause of death in newborns causing neonatial sepsis and postpartum infections, rarely adult infections
Strep pneumoniae common invasive infections
Pneumonia, ottitis media, sinusitis, meningitis
Strep pneumoniae produces this unique thing allowing it to naturally survive in the naropharynx
IgA protease
Strep pneumoniae is often what type of infection?
Post viral - opportunistic
PPV vaccine
Pneumococcal polyvalent vaccine, covers majority of pneumococcal disease and recommended for patients greater than 65 or with immunosuppression
PCV vaccine
Pneucoccal conjugate vaccine, recommended in all children younger than 2 to help with initial protection against some very virulent strains
Color to look for in ottitis media
Yellowish purulent color indicates middle ear infection
Strep viridans is known to be a causative agent of…
Bacterial endocarditis and dental caries
Common diseases enterococci cause
Endocarditis, UTI, intra-abdominal infections, biliary tract infection, wound infection
VRE
Vancomycin resistant enterococci
Strep therepeutic options
PCN, erythromycin, ampicillin
Treatment options for VRE
Linezolid
Clostridium thrive in these types of environments
-Anaerobic habitats such as soils, intestinal tract
Clostridium perfringens
Often source of wound and surgical infections that lead to gas gangrene
Corynebacterium diptheriae shape
Club or V shaped gives distinct appearance
Diptheria
Upper respiratory tract illness characterized by fever, sore throat, and adherent membrane (key) on tonsils, pharynx, or nose
Listeria is unique in that it can be found…
…intracellular
Antrhax indication
Painless ulcer formation if cutaneous, fever and chest pain if inhaled
Anthrax vaccine
Complicated immunization schedule so not a routine vaccine
Anthrax treatment
Cipro and doxyclycline
