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Infectious Disease > Gram+ Infections Lecture > Flashcards

Gram+ Infections Lecture Flashcards

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1
Q

Gram + cocci catalase test results

A

Positive is staph, negative is strep

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2
Q

Gram + cocci coagulase test results

A

Positive is staph aureus

Negative is staph epidermidis

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3
Q

Skin ointnment to prevent staph aureus infection

A

Mupirocin

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4
Q

How is S. aureus spread?

A

Environmental surfaces, air, nasal carriage

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5
Q

Localized staph aureus infections

A
  • Folliculitis (not to be confused with hot tub folliculitis)
  • Carbuncle and Furnucles
  • Impetigo (also caused by strep pyogenes)
  • Cellulitis
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6
Q

Localized staph aureus infections with systemic effects

A
  • Scalded skin syndrome

- Toxic shock syndrome

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7
Q

Invasive staph aureus infections

A
  • Endocarditis
  • Bacteriemia
  • Acute food poisoning episode
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8
Q

4 toxins staph aureus releases

A

Enterotoxin, exfoliatin, a toxin, TSS toxin

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9
Q

Why is last menstruation important in history when determining possibility of TSS?

A

No bacteremia will show up on a test, just systemic toxins are present so you might miss if you don’t know

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10
Q

Primary treatment for staph aureus? Treatment if allergic to that?

A

PCN or cephalosporin, erythromycin if allergic

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11
Q

MRSA outpatient and inpatient treatment

A

Outpatient - clindamycin, bactrim, doxycycline

Inpatient - vancomycin

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12
Q

Staph saprophyticus is a common cause of this….

A

….UTIs in young women

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13
Q

Gram - cocci blood agar test results

A

a hemolysis - strep pneumoniae or viridans
B hemolysis - strep pyogenes
y hemolysis - Enterococcus

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14
Q

S pyogenes typically colonizes where?

A

Upper respiratory tract to cause bacterial pharyngitis

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15
Q

S. pneumoniae has the unique appearance of a…

A

…encapsulated diplococci

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16
Q

S. pyogenes common localized infections

A

Impetigo (not as common as with s. aureus), necrotizing fasciitis, gangrene, erysipelas

17
Q

S. pyogenes common invasive infections

A 
Bacterial pharyngitis
Scarlett fever
throat abscesses
Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis
18
Q

S. agalactiae

A

Group B B hemolytic strep number one cause of death in newborns causing neonatial sepsis and postpartum infections, rarely adult infections

19
Q

Strep pneumoniae common invasive infections

A

Pneumonia, ottitis media, sinusitis, meningitis

20
Q

Strep pneumoniae produces this unique thing allowing it to naturally survive in the naropharynx

A

IgA protease

21
Q

Strep pneumoniae is often what type of infection?

A

Post viral - opportunistic

22
Q

PPV vaccine

A

Pneumococcal polyvalent vaccine, covers majority of pneumococcal disease and recommended for patients greater than 65 or with immunosuppression

23
Q

PCV vaccine

A

Pneucoccal conjugate vaccine, recommended in all children younger than 2 to help with initial protection against some very virulent strains

24
Q

Color to look for in ottitis media

A

Yellowish purulent color indicates middle ear infection

25
Q

Strep viridans is known to be a causative agent of…

A

Bacterial endocarditis and dental caries

26
Q

Common diseases enterococci cause

A

Endocarditis, UTI, intra-abdominal infections, biliary tract infection, wound infection

27
Q

VRE

A

Vancomycin resistant enterococci

28
Q

Strep therepeutic options

A

PCN, erythromycin, ampicillin

29
Q

Treatment options for VRE

A

Linezolid

30
Q

Clostridium thrive in these types of environments

A

-Anaerobic habitats such as soils, intestinal tract

31
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

Often source of wound and surgical infections that lead to gas gangrene

32
Q

Corynebacterium diptheriae shape

A

Club or V shaped gives distinct appearance

33
Q

Diptheria

A

Upper respiratory tract illness characterized by fever, sore throat, and adherent membrane (key) on tonsils, pharynx, or nose

34
Q

Listeria is unique in that it can be found…

A

…intracellular

35
Q

Antrhax indication

A

Painless ulcer formation if cutaneous, fever and chest pain if inhaled

36
Q

Anthrax vaccine

A

Complicated immunization schedule so not a routine vaccine

37
Q

Anthrax treatment

A

Cipro and doxyclycline

Infectious Disease (24 decks)

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