Gram+ Infections Lecture Flashcards

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1
Q

Gram + cocci catalase test results

A

Positive is staph, negative is strep

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2
Q

Gram + cocci coagulase test results

A

Positive is staph aureus

Negative is staph epidermidis

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3
Q

Skin ointnment to prevent staph aureus infection

A

Mupirocin

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4
Q

How is S. aureus spread?

A

Environmental surfaces, air, nasal carriage

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5
Q

Localized staph aureus infections

A
  • Folliculitis (not to be confused with hot tub folliculitis)
  • Carbuncle and Furnucles
  • Impetigo (also caused by strep pyogenes)
  • Cellulitis
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6
Q

Localized staph aureus infections with systemic effects

A
  • Scalded skin syndrome

- Toxic shock syndrome

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7
Q

Invasive staph aureus infections

A
  • Endocarditis
  • Bacteriemia
  • Acute food poisoning episode
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8
Q

4 toxins staph aureus releases

A

Enterotoxin, exfoliatin, a toxin, TSS toxin

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9
Q

Why is last menstruation important in history when determining possibility of TSS?

A

No bacteremia will show up on a test, just systemic toxins are present so you might miss if you don’t know

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10
Q

Primary treatment for staph aureus? Treatment if allergic to that?

A

PCN or cephalosporin, erythromycin if allergic

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11
Q

MRSA outpatient and inpatient treatment

A

Outpatient - clindamycin, bactrim, doxycycline

Inpatient - vancomycin

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12
Q

Staph saprophyticus is a common cause of this….

A

….UTIs in young women

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13
Q

Gram - cocci blood agar test results

A

a hemolysis - strep pneumoniae or viridans
B hemolysis - strep pyogenes
y hemolysis - Enterococcus

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14
Q

S pyogenes typically colonizes where?

A

Upper respiratory tract to cause bacterial pharyngitis

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15
Q

S. pneumoniae has the unique appearance of a…

A

…encapsulated diplococci

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16
Q

S. pyogenes common localized infections

A

Impetigo (not as common as with s. aureus), necrotizing fasciitis, gangrene, erysipelas

17
Q

S. pyogenes common invasive infections

A
Bacterial pharyngitis
Scarlett fever
throat abscesses
Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis
18
Q

S. agalactiae

A

Group B B hemolytic strep number one cause of death in newborns causing neonatial sepsis and postpartum infections, rarely adult infections

19
Q

Strep pneumoniae common invasive infections

A

Pneumonia, ottitis media, sinusitis, meningitis

20
Q

Strep pneumoniae produces this unique thing allowing it to naturally survive in the naropharynx

A

IgA protease

21
Q

Strep pneumoniae is often what type of infection?

A

Post viral - opportunistic

22
Q

PPV vaccine

A

Pneumococcal polyvalent vaccine, covers majority of pneumococcal disease and recommended for patients greater than 65 or with immunosuppression

23
Q

PCV vaccine

A

Pneucoccal conjugate vaccine, recommended in all children younger than 2 to help with initial protection against some very virulent strains

24
Q

Color to look for in ottitis media

A

Yellowish purulent color indicates middle ear infection

25
Strep viridans is known to be a causative agent of...
Bacterial endocarditis and dental caries
26
Common diseases enterococci cause
Endocarditis, UTI, intra-abdominal infections, biliary tract infection, wound infection
27
VRE
Vancomycin resistant enterococci
28
Strep therepeutic options
PCN, erythromycin, ampicillin
29
Treatment options for VRE
Linezolid
30
Clostridium thrive in these types of environments
-Anaerobic habitats such as soils, intestinal tract
31
Clostridium perfringens
Often source of wound and surgical infections that lead to gas gangrene
32
Corynebacterium diptheriae shape
Club or V shaped gives distinct appearance
33
Diptheria
Upper respiratory tract illness characterized by fever, sore throat, and adherent membrane (key) on tonsils, pharynx, or nose
34
Listeria is unique in that it can be found...
...intracellular
35
Antrhax indication
Painless ulcer formation if cutaneous, fever and chest pain if inhaled
36
Anthrax vaccine
Complicated immunization schedule so not a routine vaccine
37
Anthrax treatment
Cipro and doxyclycline