Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > Microbiology in GI > Flashcards

Microbiology in GI Flashcards

1
Q

Is all colonisation permanent?

A

No some is transient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When does colonisation begin?

A

At birth: Differences in vaginal and C secion

Not all colonisation is normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the host defences of the GI tract?

A

Acid in stomach
Normal gut flora
Peristlasis
Antimicrobial compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 main groups of bacteria in the GI tract?

A

Enterobacteriaceae (gram negative bacilli)
Enterococcus (gram positive cocci)
Anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give examples of enterobactericeae?

A

E coli
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Proteus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give examples of Enterococci?

A 
Enterococcus faecalis (more common)
Enterococcus Faecium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give examples of anaerobes in the gut?

A

Gram negative baccilli- Bacteroides

Gram positive bacilli = C diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is colonisation?

A

The establishment of a micro organism on or within a host; may be short lived.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is virulence?

A

Likelihood of causing disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an oopportunistic pathogen?

A

Pathogen which would not normally cause an infection in a normal host but will in an immunocomprimised host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What tests can microbiology do to diagnose infection?

A 
Microscopy: stool, urine, CSF, sputum, pus
Culture 
Serology
Antigen detection 
PCR/molecular studies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which immune cells are commonly seen in bacterial infection?

A

Phagocytes

ANtibodys and B lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which immune cells are commonly seen in viral infection?

A

T lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which immune cells are commonly seen in Fungal infection?

A

Phagocytes, T lymphocytes and (eosinophils)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which immune cells are commonly seen in helminth and parasitic infection?

A

Eosinophils and mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is primary peritonitis?

A

Transfer of bacteria from the gut to the peritoneum without perforation. Occurs in ascites and alcoholics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is secondary peritonitis?

A

Where a perforation of the bowel causes bacteria in the bowel to spread to the peritoneum causing infection.
Post op or fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give an example of Spirochete shaped bacteria?

A

H pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

WHat are the 2 main groups of Enterobactericeae?

A

Lactose fermenting and non lactose fermenting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the common lactose fermenting enterobactericeae?

A

E coli
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Serratia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the common non lactose fermenting enterobactericeae?

A 
Morganella 
Proteus 
Salmonalle
Shingella
Yersinis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is another name for Enterobacteriaceae?

A

Coliforms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How long does it take for most microbiology results?

A

48 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do lactose fermentors do to McConkey agar?

A

Turn it pink

25
Q

CLED agar is used to identify microbes in GI infections. T or F?

A

True

26
Q

What are the characteristics of enterobacteriaceae?

A 
Gram negative bacilli
Non spore forming 
Ferment sugars mostly 
Mostly motile 
Mostly facultative anaerobes 
Increasing resistance
27
Q

Which enterobacteriaceae are not motile?

A

Shingella and Klebsiella- DO not have flagella

28
Q

Enterobacteriaceae have fimbrae. What are fimbrae and what are they used for?

A

Filamentous appendages, shorter than flagella.

Help with binding and adhesion to tissues and enterocytes

29
Q

What is a enterotoxin?

A

a toxin produced in or affecting the intestines, such as those causing food poisoning or cholera
eg Shiga toxin or shiga like toxin

30
Q

What endotoxin do enterobacteriaceae have?

A

Lipopolysaccharide. When bacteria die the body is exposed to the LPS within the cell wall and this causes inflamation => gram negative sepsis

31
Q

What causes oesophagitis in the immunosupressed?

A

Candida

32
Q

If pancreatisis normally an infection problem?

A

No

33
Q

Swarming on agar is characteristic of which bacteria?

A

Proteus sp

enterobacteriaceae, non lactose fermenting

34
Q

Which organism is associated with petting zoos?

A

E coli 0157

35
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of MALDI TOF?

A

+Analyse protein composition or bacterial cell wall
+ Quick
+ Discriminates between genetically similar organisms with identical 16s rRNA
- Low specificity- hard to differentiate between pathogenic and non pathogenic e coli or salmonella and e coli
- expensive
Many tests in reference labs

36
Q

What is serotype?

A

A serotype is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria

37
Q

What is serotyping?

A

Identifying a particular type of bacteria using O (body antigens) and H (Flagella antigens)

38
Q

WHat are the normal colonisers of the mouth?

A

Strep viridans (+ cocci) , Neisseria (- cocci), Candida, Staphylococci, anaerobes

39
Q

What are the colinisers of the small bowel?

A

Small numbers of coliforms and anaerobes

40
Q

What are the colonisers of the colon?

A

Large numbers of coliforms, anaerobes and Enterococcus faecalis.

41
Q

What are the normal colonisers of the bile ducts?

A

Usually sterile

42
Q

What are the anaerobes which grow in the GI tract?

A

Clostridium
Bacteroides
Anaerobic cocci

43
Q

What is cholangitis?

A

AN infection in the common bile duct usually resulting from a gallstone

44
Q

What is charcot’s triad for cholangitis?

A

Fever
RUQ pain
Jaundice

45
Q

When do you review empirical antibiotics?

A

After 48 hours at the latest. Should have the lab results.

46
Q

When would OPHAT be considered in GI infection?

A

liver abscess as antibiotics for 6 weeks

47
Q

What is used to treat an infection caused by enterococcus faecalis? What is the step down?

A

Amoxicillin
(Vancomycin if penicillin allergic)
Step down = oral switch to cotrimoxazole

48
Q

Enterococcus faecium is more or less resistant and common than enterococcus faecalis?

A

Enterococcus faecium is more resistant and less common

49
Q

Where do abscesses and infections i the liver come from?

A

Bile ducts- gallstones, malignancy, stricture
Hepatic artery- bacteraemia
Portal vein- bacteraemia, intra-abdominal infection, non metastatic colon cancer

50
Q

What is the most important anaerobe in the gut?

A

Bacteriodes

51
Q

What is sepsis?

A

Life threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection

52
Q

What is septic shock?

A

A subset of sepsis with circulatory and cellular metabolic dysfunction associated with a higher risk of mortality (essentially when fluid resuscitation does not work)

53
Q

What are empirical antibiotics for peritonitis, bilary tract and intra-abdominal infection? and what is the step down?

A

IV ammoxicillin* (enterococci), metronidazole (anaerobes), gentamycin (enterobacteriaceae)
*Vancamycin if penicillin allergic

Step down = PO Cotrim and metronidazole

54
Q

What gives a diagnosis of sepsis?

A

Infection with a NEWS score of 5+.

55
Q

What are the components of Sepsis 6?

Give 3 take 3.

A

1) Blood cultures, other relevant cultures and U&Es.
2) Urine output- monitor hourly
3) Fluid resuscitation
4) Antibiotics IV
5) Lactate, FBC measurement
6) Oxygen- correct hypoxia

56
Q

Why measure lactate in sepsis?

A

Measurement of tissue death. Raised lactate is a bad sign

57
Q

How is a large abscess treated?

A

Surgery and drainage.

A large abscess has no blood supply and IV antibiotics will not penetrate it well.

58
Q

What antibiotic is used if there are contraindications for gentamycin?

A

Aztreonam

GI (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions