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GI > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Which germ layer gives rise to the epithilium of the GI tract and associated ducts and glands?

A

Endoderm

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2
Q

Which germ layer gives rise to the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, muscularis externa, the connective tissue of submucosa and adventicia?

A

Visceral mesoderm

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3
Q

What is formed from the ventral mesentaries?

A

Lesser omentum and the falciform ligament

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4
Q

What is formed form the dorsal mesentries?

A

Doral mesogastrium, dorsal mesoduodenum, Dorsal mesocolon

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5
Q

What is the vitelline duct?

A

long narrow tube that joins the yolk sac to the midgut lumen

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6
Q

What does the cloaca form?

A

Some of the hind gut and urogenital system

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7
Q

What causes the mesenteries to come to there final positions?

A

Rotation of different parts of the gut

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8
Q

When is the oesophagus distinguishable?

When does the circular and longitudinal muscle develop?

A

Distinguishable by the end of week 4
Circular muscle develops week 5
Longitudinal muscle develops week 8

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9
Q

How does the stomach develop?

A

End of week 4 = dilation of the caudal part of the foregut
The dorsal boarder grows more rapidly than the ventral boader producing greater and lesser curvature.
90 degree rotation about both longitudinal and anterior posterior axes.

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10
Q

What creates the lesser sac causing the dorsal mesentery to bulge?

A

Growth and rotation of the stomach

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11
Q

What forms the greater omentum?

A

Continued growth of the dorsal mesentary

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12
Q

What forms the horizontal (1) and descending (2) parts of the duodenum?

A

Caudal portion of the foregut

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13
Q

What forms the horizontal (3) and ascending (4) parts to the duodenum?

A

Cranial part of the mid gut

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14
Q

Why is the duodenal loop directed to the right?

A

Rotation of the stomach

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15
Q

How does the liver form?

A

Liver bud grows into the mesoderm of Septum Transversum.

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16
Q

What is contained within the sepum transversum?

A

Haematopioetic cells
Kupffer cells
Connective tissue

17
Q

What germ layer forms the liver cells and the lining of the billary tree?

A

Endoderm

18
Q

How does the pancreas form?

A

From a ventral and dorsal ancreatic bud which grow and then between 32 and 35 days the ventral pancreatic bud rotates to join the two

19
Q

The pancreas develops intraperitoneal and then upon rotation becomes retroperitoneal. T or F?

A

True

20
Q

What is annular pancreas (congenital disease)?

A

Annular pancreas is a rare condition in which the second part of the duodenum is surrounded by a ring of pancreatic tissue continuous with the head of the pancreas. This portion of the pancreas can constrict the duodenum and block or impair the flow of food to the rest of the intestines.

21
Q

Which germ layer forms the spleen?

A

Mesoderm

22
Q

When does the spleen develop?

A

Week 5

23
Q

What is the function of the spleen in the embryo?

A

Initially haematopoetic and develops into a lymphatic organ during weeks 15-18

24
Q

Why does the spleen have notches in the adult?

A

Because it developed as lobes which regress

25
Q

What forms from the midgut?

A 
Second part of the duodenum 
Jujunum
Ileum
Caecum and appendix
Ascending colon
Proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon
26
Q

How does the mid gut communicate with the yolk sac throughout its development?

A

Beginning of week 4: communicates with yolk sac along its length
Middle of week 4: Connection with yolk sac narrows
End week 4: connected to yolk sac vis vitelline duct
Week 5: Midgut has outgrown embryo and bulges ventrally

27
Q

How does the mid gut rotate?

A

Rotates 90 degrees around axis of superior mesenteric artery (caudal limb on left and cranial limb on right)
The caecal bud has formed on the caudal limb

28
Q

What happens to the mid gut in week 8?

A

Continues to grow
Small intestine forms Jejunal-ileal loops
Caecum sprouts an appendix

29
Q

When does the mid gut re-enter the body cavity?

A

Week 10

30
Q

What happens during re-entry of the mid gut to the body cavity?

A 
Small intestine returns first
During re-entry:
further 180 degree rotation 
jejunum is displaced left and ileum right
Descending colon pushed left
Transverse colon pushed superiorly  
Caecum is the last to re-enter
31
Q

What is meckel’s diverticulum?

A

the most common congenital abnormality of the small intestine; it is caused by an incomplete obliteration of the vitelline duct.
Complications include vitelline fistulas, cysts and ligaments

32
Q

How is the definitive gut lumen formed?

A 
Week 5/6 proliferation of mucosa
Then the lumen is occluded
Vacuoles develop over the next 2 weeks 
Recanalisation is complete by week 9.
The vaccuoles help to form the villi

GI (48 decks)

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