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Year 5 - Alex's Pathology Guide 2018 > Microbiology: Fungal Infections/Anti-Fungals/Herpes Infections > Flashcards

Microbiology: Fungal Infections/Anti-Fungals/Herpes Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Fungal Infections

Who are particularly vulnerable to fingal infections?

Why can they be difficult to diagnose?

What is the classification of fungal infections?

A
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2
Q

Fungal Infections

What are the key superficial fungal infections and how are they diagnosed?

A
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3
Q

Fungal Infections

What are the key deep fungal infections and how are they diagnosed?

A

Diagnosed: clinical details, lab results and imaging

Main types:

  1. Candida
  2. Aspergillus
  3. Cryptococcus
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4
Q

Antifungals

What are the targets and indications of:

  1. Polyene
  2. Azole
  3. Terbinafine
  4. Flucytosine
  5. Echinocandin
A
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5
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the classifications of Herpes infections?

A

Herpes Infection Classifications:

  1. Epitheliotropic
    1. ​CMV
      1. Infected cells swell (hence megavirus)
    2. Roseola virus
  2. Neurotropic
    1. ​HSV1 & HSV2: dsDNA. No animal reservoir. Persistent latent phase in DRG. Lytic infection of fibroblasts + epithelial cells. Transmitted via muco-cutaneous contact
    2. VZV:dsDNA. Droplet spread. Viral replication in LNs, then in liver + spleen then vesicular rash (rash ~48hrs after infection). 14/7
      1. Shingles
      2. Chickenpox
  3. Lymphocytic
    1. EBV
    2. HHV8
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6
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the symptoms of the following:

  1. Asymptomatic CMV
  2. Congenital CMV
A

Congential: LIMITED JHCC:

  • Late progressive sensorineural deafness
  • IUGR
  • Microcephaly
  • Impaired IQ
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Encephalitis
  • Death
  • Jaundice
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
  • Chorioretinitis
  • Cytomegalic inclusion disease (13%)
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7
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the symptoms of the following:

  1. CMV Mononucelosis
  2. Immunocompromised CMV
A

Immunocompromised CMV: “GRAPH/GRAF B”

  • GI: colitis
  • Retinitis (Retinitis=AIDS)/Radiculopathy
  • Addisons disease
  • Pneumonitis (in BMT patients)
  • Hepatitis
  • Fever
  • Bone Marrow supression
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8
Q

Herpes Infections

What is/are the aetiology, investigations and treatment of Cytomegalovirus?

A

Investigtions: STICHH

  • Serology
    • Immunocompromised: limited diagnostic value
    • Immunocompitent: CMV IgM & IgG (IgG low avidity in first infection)
  • Tissue
  • Immunoflourescence
  • Cell culture
  • Histopathology
  • Heterphile Antibodies
    • Paul Bunnel monospot: clumping of sheep RBCs
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9
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the symptoms investigations and management of Roseola infections?

A
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10
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the features of oral HSV1/HSV 2 infections?

A
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11
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the features of ocular HSV1/HSV 2 infections?

A
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12
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the features of genital HSV1/HSV 2 infections?

A
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13
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the symptoms of Encephalitis from HSV1/HSV2 infections?

A
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14
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the symptoms of skin infections from HSV1/HSV2 infections?

A
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15
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the CT/MRI findings in Encephalitis from HSV1/HSV2 infections?

A
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16
Q

Herpes Infections

What is Mollarets Meningitis?

A
17
Q

Herpes Infections

What are features of Varicella Zoster infections in pregnancy?

A
18
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the investigations of skin infections from HSV1/HSV2 infections?

A

ELISA= HSV-2 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

19
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the CSF findings in Encephalitis from HSV1/HSV2 infections?

A
20
Q

Herpes Infections:

What is the management of skin infections from HSV1/HSV2 infections?

A
21
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the symptoms of Varicella Zoster infections?

A
22
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the investigations for Varicella Zoster infections?

A
23
Q

Herpes Infections

What is the management of Varicella Zoster infections?

A

Pregnancy:

  • Can give Aciclovir within 24hrs of exposure
  • IVIG VZV can be give up to 10 days post exposure
24
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the symptoms, investigations and management of Shingles infections?

A
25
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the features of:

  1. Infectious mononucleosis
  2. Burkitt’s lymphoma
A

Alongside Nasopharyngeal Ca and Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, these are the possible causes of EBV.

26
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the features of HHV8 infections?

A
27
Q

Herpes Infections

What are the features of Neonatal HSV1/HSV2 infections?

A
28
Q

Herpes Infections

What is the management of Encephalitis from HSV1/HSV2 infections?

A
29
Q

Herpes Infections:

What are the features of:

  1. Nasopharyngeal Ca
  2. Post transplant lymphoproliferative disease
A

Alongside Infectious mononucleosis and Burkitt’s lymphoma, possible causes of EBV

30
Q

Fungal Infections

What are the symptoms, investigations and management of Candida infections?

A
31
Q

Fungal Infections

What are the symptoms, investigations and management of Crypotococcus infections?

A
32
Q

Fungal Infections

What are the symptoms, investigations and management of Aspergillus infections?

A

Year 5 - Alex's Pathology Guide 2018 (70 decks)

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