Haematology (All Topics) Flashcards

1
Q

Anaemia:

What is the definition of anaemia and what are its causes?

A
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2
Q

Anaemia:

What are the symptoms and signs of anaemia?

A
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3
Q

Microcytic Anaemia:

Outline the signs, blood film findings and causes of IDA

A
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4
Q

Microcytic Anaemia:

What are the causes of Iron Deficiency Anaemia?

A
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5
Q

Microcytic Anaemia:

What is the treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia?

A
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6
Q

Macrocytic Anaemia:

What is are the sources of Vitamin B12 and what are the causes of its deficiency?

A
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7
Q

Macrocytic Anaemia:

What are the clinical features of Vitamin B12?

A
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8
Q

Macrocytic Anaemia:

What is Pernicious anaemia?

A
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9
Q

Macrocytic Anaemia:

What is the treatment of Vitamin B12 Deficiency?

A
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10
Q

Macrocytic Anaemia:

What are the sources of Folate?

A
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11
Q

Macrocytic Anaemia:

What are the causes of Folate deficiency?

A
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12
Q

Macrocytic Anaemia:

What is the treatment of Folate deficiency?

A
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13
Q

Anaemia:

What are the causes of Microcytic, Normocytic and Macrocytic Anaemia?

A
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14
Q

Micro/Normocytic Anaemia:

What is the pathogenesis of Renal Failure driven Anaemia of Chronic Disease?

A
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15
Q

Micro/Normocytic Anaemia:

What is/are the definition of and causes of Anaemia of Chronic Disease?

A
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16
Q

Micro/Normocytic Anaemia:

How are ferritin levels affected in Anaemia of Chronic Disease?

A
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17
Q

Normocytic Anaemia:

What are the inflammatory markers of Chronic Disease?

A
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18
Q

Microcytic Anaemia:

What is the definition and diagnosis of Sideroblastic Anaemia?

A
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19
Q

Microcytic Anaemia:

What are the causes and treatment options for Sideroblastic Anaemia?

A
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20
Q

Haemolytic Anaemias:

What is the definition of haemolytic anaemia?

A
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21
Q

Haemolytic Anaemias:

What are the features of all, intravascular and extravascular haemolytic anaemias?

A
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22
Q

Haemolytic Anaemias:

What are the causes of inherited and acquired anaemia?

A
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23
Q

Haemolytic Anaemias:

What are the features of hereditary spherocytosis?

A
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24
Q

Haemolytic Anaemias:

What are the features of Hereditary elliptocytosis?

A
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25
Q

Haemolytic Anaemias:

What are the features of Southeast asian Ovalocytosis?

A
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26
Q

Haemolytic Anaemias:

What is the inheritance, epidemiology of G6PD deficiency and what are the features of its attacks?

A
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27
Q

Haemolytic Anaemias:

What are the investigations and management of G6PD deficiency?

A
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28
Q

Haemolytic Anaemias:

What are the features of pyruvate kinase deficiency?

A
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29
Q

Sickle Cell Anaemia:

What are the important features of Haemolysis and Vaso Occlusion in Sickle cell anaemia?

A
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30
Q

Sickle Cell Anaemia:

What are the typical symptoms in Children, teens and Adults with Sickle cell anaemia?

A
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31
Q

Sickle Cell Anaemia

What are the rarer subtypes of Sickle Cell Anaemia?

A
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32
Q

Sickle Cell Anaemia

Outline the typical initial presentations of sickle cell anaemia

How do Sick cells change in low Oxygen?

A
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33
Q

Sickle Cell Anaemia:

Outline the genetics and main subtypes of Sickle Cell Anaemia

A
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34
Q

Sickle Cell Anaemia:

What are the investigations and management of sickle cell anaemia?

A
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35
Q

Haemoglobinopathies:

What is the definition of thalassaemia?

A
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36
Q

Haemoglobinopathies:

What is/are the genetics and presentation of Beta Thalassaemia?

A
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37
Q

Haemoglobinopathies:

What are the subtypes of Beta Thalassaemia?

A
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38
Q

Haemoglobinopathies:

What is the diagnosis and treatment of Thalassaemia?

A
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39
Q

Haemoglobinopathies:

What are the features of Alpha Thalassaemia?

A
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40
Q

Acquired Haemolytic Autoimmune Anaemias:

What are the features of Warm and Cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

A
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41
Q

Acquired Haemolytic Autoimmune Anaemias:

What are the causes of Warm and Cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

A
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42
Q

Acquired Haemolytic Autoimmune Anaemias:

What is the management of Warm and Cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia?

A
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43
Q

Acquired Haemolytic Autoimmune Anaemias:

What are the features of Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria (PCH)?

A
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44
Q

Acquired Non–Immune Haemolytic Anaemias:

What is/are the aetiology and symptoms of Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria?

A
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45
Q

Acquired Non–Immune Haemolytic Anaemias:

What is/are the investigations and management of Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria?

A
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46
Q

Acquired Non–Immune Haemolytic Anaemias:

What is/are the aetiology and causes of Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia (MAHA)?

A
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47
Q

Acquired Non–Immune Haemolytic Anaemias:

What is/are the aetiology and causes of Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purport?

A
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48
Q

Acquired Non–Immune Haemolytic Anaemias:

What is/are the aetiology and causes of Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome?

A
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49
Q

Acquired Haemolytic Autoimmune Anaemias:

What are the types of autoimmune acquired haemolytic anaemia?

A
  1. Autoimmune
    1. Warm Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia
    2. Cold Agglutinin Disease
    3. Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria
  2. Nonimmune Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
    1. Microangiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia
    2. Thrombocytopenic Purpura
    3. Haemolytic Uraemic syndrome
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50
Q

Haemostasis

Outline the main processes in forming a stable Haemostatic plug

A
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51
Q

Haemostasis

Outline the main steps of the Coagulation cascade

A
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52
Q

Blood tests for Coagulation disorders:

Outline the results for INR, APTT, Thrombin time, Platelet count and Bleeding time for:

  1. Heparin
  2. DIC
  3. Liver Disease
  4. Platelet defect
  5. Vit K Deficiency
  6. Haemophilia
  7. vWF Disease
A
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53
Q

Venous Thrombosis

Outline the main risk factors for and causes of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)

A
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54
Q

Haemostasis:

What are the phases of haemostasis?

A
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55
Q

Haemostasis:

What are the key inhibitors of haemostasis?

A
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56
Q

Haemostasis:

What does the Activated partial thromboplastin (APTT) measurement track?

A
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57
Q

Haemostasis:

What does the Prothrombin time (PT) measurement track?

A
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58
Q

Haemostasis:

What does the Thrombin time (TT) measurement track?

A
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59
Q

Bleeding disorders:

What are the causes of bleeding disorders and what are the features of Vascular and Coagulation disorders?

A
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60
Q

Bleeding disorders:

What are the main vascular defect bleeding disorders?

A
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61
Q

Bleeding disorders:

What are the main causes of platelet disorders?

A
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62
Q

Bleeding disorders:

What is/are the peak age, F:M ratio, preceding infection, onset of symptoms, platelet count, duration and spontaneous remission of Acute ITP and Chronic ITP?

A
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63
Q

Bleeding disorders:

What is/are the epidemiology, genetics and presentation of Haemophilia A?

A
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64
Q

Bleeding disorders:

What is/are the investigations and management of Haemophilia A?

A
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65
Q

Bleeding disorders:

What are the features of Haemophilia B?

A
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66
Q

Bleeding disorders:

What is/are the subclasses and genetics of Von Willebrand’s disease?

A
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67
Q

Bleeding disorders:

What is/are the presentation, diagnosis and management of Von Willebrand’s disease?

A
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68
Q

Bleeding disorders:

Acquired coagulation disorders: What is/are the aetiology, investigations and management of Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

A
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69
Q

Bleeding disorders:

Acquired coagulation disorders: What are the effects of liver disease on coagulation?

A
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70
Q

Bleeding disorders:

Acquired coagulation disorders: What is/are the aetiology and treatment of Vitamin K Deficiency on coagulation?

A
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71
Q

Bleeding disorders:

Outline the prophylactic treatment of VTE

A
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72
Q

Bleeding disorders:

Outline the treatment of DVT/PE

A
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73
Q

Bleeding disorders:

What is the mechanism of action of Heparin?

What is its antidote?

A
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74
Q

Bleeding disorders:

What is the mechanism of action of Warfarin?

What is its antidote?

A
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75
Q

Bleeding disorders:

What are the indications for target INRs of 2.5 and 3.5?

A
76
Q

Bleeding disorders:

What is the protocol for INR levels of:

  1. 5 to 8, no bleeding
  2. 5 to 8 bleeding
  3. >8 no bleeding/minor bleed
  4. Major bleeding (including intracranial haemorrhage)
A
77
Q

Leukaemia:

What is/are the definition of and clinical features of Acute Leukaemia?

A
78
Q

Leukaemia:

What is the aetiology of Acute Leukaemia?

A
79
Q

Leukaemia:

What are the investigations for Acute Leukaemia?

A
80
Q

Leukaemia:

What is/are the epidemiology and clinical features of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia?

A
81
Q

Leukaemia:

What are the investigations for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia?

A
82
Q

Leukaemia:

What is the treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia?

A
83
Q

Leukaemia:

What is/are the aetiology, epidemiology and clinical features of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia?

A
84
Q

Leukaemia:

What are the investigations for Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia?

A
85
Q

Leukaemia:

What are the phases of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia?

A
86
Q

Leukaemia:

What is/are the aetiology and epidemiology of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia?

A
87
Q

Leukaemia:

What are the investigations for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia?

A
88
Q

Leukaemia:

What are the prognostic factors for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia?

A

1

89
Q

Leukaemia:

What the staging for factors for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia?

A
90
Q

Leukaemia:

What is the treatment for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia?

A
91
Q

Leukaemia:

What are the clinical feaures of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia?

A
92
Q

Lymphoma

What are the subtypes of Lymphoma?

A
  • Hodgekin’s
  • Non-Hodgekin’s
    • T Cell Lymphoma
      • Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
      • Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
      • Adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma
      • Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma (EATL)
      • Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma
    • B-Cell Lymphoma
      • Burkitt’s
      • Diffuse Large B-cell (DLBC)
      • Mantle cell lymphoma
      • Follicular
      • Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
93
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:

What is/are the epidemiology and clinical presentation of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A
94
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:

What are the investigations of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A
95
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:

What is the treatment for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A
96
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:

What is the staging for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A
97
Q

Stem Cell Transplants:

What are stem cell/bone marrow transplants?

Which diseases are they used in?

A
98
Q

Stem Cell Transplants:

What are the features of Autologous SCT?

A
99
Q

Stem Cell Transplants:

What are the features of Allogeneic SCT?

A
100
Q

Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:

What is the classification of Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A
101
Q

Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:

What are the similarities in the clinical presentations of Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma?

A
102
Q

Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:

How is Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma staged?

A
103
Q

Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:

What are the features of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma?

A
104
Q

Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:

What are the features of Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma?

A
105
Q

Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:

What are the features of Adult T Cell Lymphoma?

A
106
Q

Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:

What are the features of Enteropathy Associated Leukaemia/Lymphoma (EATL)?

A
107
Q

Non–Hodgkin’s Lymphoma:

What are the features of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma?

A
108
Q

B Cell Lymphoma:

What are the features, histology and treatment of Burkitt’s Lymphoma?

A
109
Q

B Cell Lymphoma:

What are the features, histology and treatment of Burkitt’s Lymphoma (Endemic)?

A
110
Q

B Cell Lymphoma:

What are the features, histology and treatment of Burkitt’s Lymphoma (Sporadic)?

A
111
Q

B Cell Lymphoma:

What are the features, histology and treatment of Burkitt’s Lymphoma (Immunodeficiency)?

A
112
Q

B Cell Lymphoma:

What are the features, histology and treatment of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)?

A
113
Q

B Cell Lymphoma:

What are the features, histology and treatment of Mantle Cell Lymphoma?

A
114
Q

B Cell Lymphoma:

What are the features, histology and treatment of Follicular Lymphoma?

A
115
Q

B Cell Lymphoma:

What are the features, histology and treatment of Mucosal associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)?

A
116
Q

Multiple Myeloma:

What is the aetiology of Multiple Myeloma?

A
117
Q

Multiple Myeloma:

What is/are the investigations and staging for Multiple Myeloma?

A
118
Q

Multiple Myeloma:

What is the treatment of Multiple Myeloma?

A
119
Q

Multiple Myeloma:

What is/are the the aetiology, epidemiology, symptoms and treatment of Waldrendroms Macroglobulinemia?

A
120
Q

Multiple Myeloma:

What is/are the the aetiology, symptoms, investigations and treatment of Systemic Amyloidosis?

A
121
Q

Lymphoma

Outline the definition of Lumphoma and the areas that it can manifest

A
122
Q

Multiple Myeloma

Outline the M Spike, Bone Marrow findings, CRAB, Organ damage and Sigificance of:

  1. MGUS
  2. Smouldering MM
  3. Multiple Myeloma
A
123
Q

Blood transfusions:

When is it necessary to transfuse Red Blood Cells?

A
124
Q

Blood transfusions:

When is it necessary to transfuse platelets?

A
125
Q

Blood transfusions:

When is it necessary to transfuse Fresh Frozen Plasma?

A
126
Q

Haemodynamic disease of the Newborn:

What is Haemodynamic disease of the newborn?

A
127
Q

Haemodynamic disease of the Newborn:

How is Anti D formation prevented in pregnancy?

A
128
Q

Transfusion reactions:

What are the immediate and delayed immune adverse reaction?

A
129
Q

Transfusion reactions:

What are the immediate and delayed non-immune adverse reaction?

A
130
Q

Transfusion Reaction Flowchart

Outline the transfusion reaction flowchart

A
131
Q

Peripheral Blood Films:

Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Acanthocytes

A
132
Q

Peripheral Blood Films:

Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Basophilic RBC stippling

A
133
Q

Peripheral Blood Films:

Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Burr Cells

A
134
Q

Peripheral Blood Films:

Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Heinz Bodies

A
135
Q

Peripheral Blood Films:

Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Howel-Jolly Bodies

A
136
Q

Peripheral Blood Films:

Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Leucoerythroblastic Anaemia

A
137
Q

Peripheral Blood Films:

Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Pelger Huet Cells

A
138
Q

Peripheral Blood Films:

Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Polychromasia

A
139
Q

Peripheral Blood Films:

Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Reticulocytosis

A

1

140
Q

Peripheral Blood Films:

Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Right Shift

A
141
Q

Peripheral Blood Films:

Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Rouleaux formation

A
142
Q

Peripheral Blood Films:

Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Schistocytes

A
143
Q

Peripheral Blood Films:

Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Spherocytes

A
144
Q

Peripheral Blood Films:

Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Stomatocytes

A
145
Q

Peripheral Blood Films:

Outline the appearance, description of and underlying conditions of Target Cells

A
146
Q

Myeloproliferative Disorders:

What is/are the definition of Myeloproliferative Disorder?

A
147
Q

Myeloproliferative Disorders:

What is the definition and sub-classification of Polycythaemia?

A
148
Q

Myeloproliferative Disorders:

What is the definition of Relative Polycythaemia?

A
149
Q

Myeloproliferative Disorders:

What is the definition of Polycythaemia Rubra Vera (PRV)?

A
150
Q

Myeloproliferative Disorders:

What are the the investigations for Polycythaemia Rubra Vera (PRV)?

A
151
Q

Myeloproliferative Disorders:

What is the treatment for Polycythaemia Rubra Vera (PRV)?

A
152
Q

Myelofibrosis:

What is the definition of Myelofibrosis?

A
153
Q

Myelofibrosis:

What are the investigations for Myelofibrosis?

A
154
Q

Myelofibrosis:

What is the treatment for Myelofibrosis?

A
155
Q

Essential Thrombocythemia:

What is the definition of Essential Thrombocythemia?

A
156
Q

Essential Thrombocythemia:

What are the investigations for Essential Thrombocythemia?

A
157
Q

Essential Thrombocythemia:

What is the treatment for Essential Thrombocythemia?

A
158
Q

Myeloproliferative Disorders:

What is sub-classification of Myeloproliferative Disorder?

A
159
Q

Myeloproliferative Disorders:

What mutations are common in Philadelphia negative Myeloproliferative Disorder?

What is Myeloproliferative Disorder associated with?

A
160
Q

Myeloproliferative Disorders:

What are the clinical features of Polycythaemia Rubra Vera (PRV)?

A
161
Q

Essential Thrombocythemia:

Whatare the clincal features of Essential Thrombocythemia?

A
162
Q

Myelofibrosis:

What are the clinical features of Myelofibrosis?

A
163
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes:

What is/are the definition of and characterising factors of Myelodysplastic Syndromes?

A
164
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes:

What is the emipdemiology and definition of Myelodysplastic Syndromes?

A
165
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes:

What is the treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes?

A
166
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes:

What is the prognosis of Myelodysplastic Syndromes?

A
167
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes:

What is are the blood features and bone marrow features of Refractory Anaemia (RA)?

A
168
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes:

What is are the blood features and bone marrow features of Refractory Anaemia with ringed sideroblasts (RA+RA)?

A
169
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes:

What is are the blood features and bone marrow features of Refractory cytopenia multilineage dysplasia (RCMD)?

A
170
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes:

What is are the blood features and bone marrow features of Refractory cytopenia multilineage dysplasia with ringed sideroblasts (RCMD + RS)?

A
171
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes:

What is are the blood features and bone marrow features of Refractory Anaemia with excess blasts 1 (RAEB I)?

A
172
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes:

What is are the blood features and bone marrow features of Refractory Anaemia with excess blasts 2 (RAEB II)?

A
173
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes:

What is are the blood features and bone marrow features of MDS with q5 deletion?

A
174
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes:

What is are the blood features and bone marrow features of Myelodysplasia syndrome unclassified?

A
175
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes:

What are the clinical features of Myelodysplastic Syndromes?

A
176
Q

Myelodysplastic syndromes:

What is a redudant term used for Myelodysplastic Syndromes?

A
177
Q

Aplastic Anaemia:

What is the definition of Aplastic Anaemia?

A
178
Q

Aplastic Anaemia:

What is the classification of Aplastic Anaemia?

A
179
Q

Aplastic Anaemia:

What is the management of Aplastic Anaemia?

A
180
Q

Aplastic Anaemia:

What is/are the genetics, epidemiology and symptoms of Fanconi Syndrome?

A
181
Q

Aplastic Anaemia:

What is/are the genetics and symptoms of Dyskeratosis Congenita?

A
182
Q

Aplastic Anaemia:

What is/are the genetics and symptoms of Schwamman-Diamond Syndrome?

A
183
Q

Aplastic Anaemia:

What are symptoms of Diamond-Blackfan Syndrome?

A
184
Q

Aplastic Anaemia:

What are the symptoms of Aplastic Anaemia?

A
185
Q

Aplastic Anaemia:

What is Aplastic Anaemia closely linked to?

A