Microbiology Flashcards
define colonisation
this is the establishment of a microorganism on or within a host
what are enterobacteriaceae?
gram-ve facultative anaerobes
four ways enterobacteriaeceae cause disease
- motility (flagella)
- colonisation (fimbriae)
- endotoxin (cell wall component)
- exotoxin (shiga toxin)
which enterobacteriaeceae are not mobile?
shigella and klebsiella
function of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
analyse protein composition of the bacteria cell wall (discriminates against those with similar 16s rRNA)
c. diff gram stain
gram +ve bacillus
what is a common cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea
c. diff
what allows c. diff to grow
part of the normal flora and when broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed it kills off competitive bowel flora allowing c. diff to grow and produce spores
standard infection control procedures
- isolation
- cohort nursing
- cleaning
- PPE
- 48hours off work following no further symptoms
bacillus cereus gram stain
gram +ve bacillus
what causes a bacillus cereus infection?
reheated rice
staph aureus gram stain
gram +ve coccus
which foods causes a staph aureus infection
milk, meat and fish (food kept at room temperature- preformed toxin)
shigella gram stain
gram -ve bacillus
how does shigella cause infection
binds to receptors on renal cells, RBCs, etc inhibiting protein synthesis causing cell death
E.coli 0157 gram stain
gram -ve bacillus
which foods cause an infection with E. coli 0157
beef and raw milk
what can a infection with E. coli 0157 progress to?
haemorrhage colitis and haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
what is ELISA used for
it can identify toxins (DNA)
campylobacter gram stain
gram -ve bacillus
foods that cause an infection with campylobacter
poultry and raw milk
management of campylobacter
macrolide
salmonella gram stain
gram -ve bacillus
what food cause an infection with salmonella
poultry, meat, raw egg and animals (bacteraemia from reptiles)
