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GI: Key Information > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

retroperitoneal parts of the colon

A

ascending colon

descending colon

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2
Q

intraperitoneal parts of the colon

A

caecum
transverse colon
sigmoid colon

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3
Q

what runs through the colon

A

teniae coli with omental appendices

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4
Q

define parabolic gutters

A

pus collection common between lateral aspects of the ascending and descending colon

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5
Q

most common position of the appendix

A

retrocaecal

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6
Q

how is the appendix connected to the caecum

A

appendiceal orifice

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7
Q

where is McBurney’s point?

A

1/3rd of the way between the anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilicus

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8
Q

define the sigmoid mesocolon

A

the sigmoid has a long mesentery which risks volvulus

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9
Q

three midline branches of the abdominal aorta and the level they leave

A

coeliac trunk T12
superior mesenteric artery L1
inferior mesenteric artery L3

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10
Q

lateral branches of the abdominal aorta and level they leave

A

renal artery L1

gonadal artery L2

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11
Q

what does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into and what level?

A

common iliacs at L4 which further bifurcates into the internal and external iliac arteries

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12
Q

branches of the SMA to supply the colon (to 2/3rd transverse)

A 
appendicular (jejunal and ileal arteries)
ileocaceal branches
right colic artery
middle colic
inferior pancreaticduodenal
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13
Q

branches of the IMA to the colon

A

left colic artery
sigmoid arteries
superior rectal artery

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14
Q

what is the marginal artery of Drummond?

A

this is an anastomosis between the SMA and IMA

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15
Q

which artery supplies the anal canal beyond the pectinate line

A

internal iliac artery

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16
Q

position of the IVC

A

retroperitoneal

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17
Q

what does the IVC drain

A

drains the hepatic veins into the right atrium

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18
Q

what does the hepatic portal vein drain?

A

foregut
midgut
hindgut
to the liver

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19
Q

what does the splenic vein drain?

A

drains blood from the foregut organs to the HPV

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20
Q

what does the superior mesenteric vein drain

A

midgut organs to the HPV

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21
Q

what does the IMA drain

A

hindgut to the splenic vein

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22
Q

three portal-systemic anastamosis

A

umbilicus
distal end of oesophagus
rectum/anal canal

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23
Q

portal-systemic anastomosis of the oesophagus

A 
superior= azygous vein
inferior= hepatic portal vein
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24
Q

which ribs is the liver protected by?

A

7-11

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25
four lobes of the liver
- caudate - left - right - quadrate
26
ligament between the right and left lobes of the liver anteriorly
falciform ligament with a round ligament (remnant of the umbilical vein)
27
what are the four branches that each of the 8 functional segments of the liver has
hepatic artery hepatic portal vein bile duct venous drainage
28
what does the IVC and hepatic veins lack?
valves so increased venous pressure backs up to the liver
29
what does the portal triad run in?
hepatoduodenal ligament
30
structures in the portal triad
- hepatic artery proper - hepatic portal vein - bile duct
31
what does the coeliac artery branch into?
- left gastric artery - splenic artery (very torturous course) - common hepatic artery
32
which ribs protect the spleen
9-11
33
location of the spleen
intraperitoneal
34
major blood supply of the stomach
- right and left gastric arteries along the lesser curvature | - right and left gastro-mental arteries along and greater curvature and greater omentum
35
blood supply to the liver
dual supply - right and left hepatic arteries into the hepatic artery proper - hepatic portal vein
36
two recesses in the greater sac
- hepatorenal recess | - rectovesical/uterine pouch
37
what does the HPV drain?
foregut, midgut and hindgut
38
what forms the HPV
splenic vein and SMV
39
where does the IMV drain into
splenic vein
40
what does the IVC drain
blood from hepatic veins into the right atrium
41
three parts of the gall bladder
fundus body neck
42
which duct brings bile to the gallbladder
cystic duct
43
blood supply to the gall bladder
cystic artery from the right hepatic artery (located in the cytohepatic triangle of Calot)
44
sections of the pancreas
``` uncinate process head neck body tail ```
45
position of the pancreas
retroperitoneal
46
location of the aorta compared to the pancreas
anterior to the uncinate process to enter mesentery proper
47
where does bile drain
2nd part of the duodenum via the CBD
48
what forms the CBD
common hepatic duct and pancreatic duct
49
how does the CBD connect to the duodenum
ampulla of vater, sphincter of ODDI and major duodenal papilla
50
duodenal blood supply
gastroduodenal artery from superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
51
define lacteals
lymphatic vessels of the small intestine which drain via the left venous angle and thoracic duct
52
venous angle location
junction between the subclavian and internal jugular veins
53
adult dentition
1 and 2 incisors 3 canine 4 and 5 premolars 6, 7 and 8 molars (8 are wisdom)
54
TMJ
mandibular fossa articular tubercle condylar process articular disc for movement
55
muscles of mastication
- temporalis (close) - masseter (close) - medial pterygoid (close) - lateral pterygoid (open
56
what supplies the muscles of mastication
trigeminal nerve (CNIII) from pons through foramen ovale
57
four papillae on anterior tongue
- foliate - fungiform - filiform - vallate
58
what supplies the taste of the tongue
facial nerve (CNVII)
59
where does the parotid gland secrete?
2nd molar
60
where does the submandibular gland secrete?
lingual caruncle
61
what is the UOS muscle called?
cricopharygeus (C6- begins the oesophagus)
62
parts of the stomach
``` - cardia fundus body pyloric sphincter greater curvature lesser curvature incisura angularis ```
63
foregut
oesophagus to mid-duodenum liver and gallbladder spleen 1/2 pancreas
64
midgut
mid-duodenum to 2/3rd transverse colon | 1/2 pancreas
65
hindgut
2/3rd transverse colon to proximal 1/2 anal canal
66
peritoneum
continuous membrane comprising of parietal and visceral layers
67
define intraperitoneal
almost completely converted in visceral peritoneum
68
define retroperitoneal
only visceral peritoneum on anterior surface
69
define mesentery (intraperitoneal)
double layered visceral peritoneum
70
role of the mesentery
connects organ to posterior body wall
71
omentum
greater and lesser | double layer of peritoneum that passes from stomach to adjacent organs
72
peritoneal ligaments
double layered peritoneum connecting organs to one another and the body wall
73
define mesentery proper
of the small intestine
74
greater omentum
four layered attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon, acts as an apron
75
lesser omentum
double layered attaches lesser curvature and duodenum to liver, it has a free edge
76
what lies in the free edge of the lesser omentum
portal triad
77
how do the lesser and greater sac communicate?
omental foramen
78
paracentesis
lateral to rectus sheath to avoid inferior epigastric artery rising from the external iliac artery
79
where do sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord to supply abdominal organs
T5-L2
80
what is special about the sympathetic innervation of the adrenal gland
leaves the spinal cord at T10-L1 and does not synapse but is instead carried with the periarterial plexuses and synapses straight into cells
81
parasympathetic innervation of abdominal organs
vagus nerve= to the transverse colon | S2, 3 and 4= descending colon to anal canal
82
midgut dermatomes
T8-T12
83
hindgut dermatomes
T12-L2
84
foregut dermatomes
T6-T9
85
location of the pelvic cavity
between the pelvic inlet and pelvic floor (elevator ani muscle)
86
what level is the recto-sigmoid junction
S3
87
levator ani muscles
- iliococcygeus - pubococcygeus - puborectalis
88
what causes contraction of external anal sphincter?
pudenal nerve S2, 3 and 4
89
sympathetic innervation of anal canal
T12- L2
90
parasympathetic innervation of anal canal
S2- S4

GI: Key Information (24 decks)

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