4th Year Surgical Incisions

Question 1

otomy

Answer 1

cutting open

Question 2

oscopy

Answer 2

viewing with a scope/ keyhole surgery

Question 3

ectomy

Answer 3

removal

Question 4

plasty

Answer 4

changing shape

Question 5

pexy

Answer 5

fixing something in place

Question 6

centesis

Answer 6

refers to puncturing with a needle

Question 7

ostomy

Answer 7

creating a new opening

Question 8

gram

Answer 8

refers to recording or imaging

Question 9

define hemicolectomy

Answer 9

removal of a portion of the large intestine

Question 10

Hartmann’s procedure

Answer 10

proctosigmoidectomy

Question 11

whipple’s procedure

Answer 11

pancreaticoduodenectomy

Question 12

Kocher incision

Answer 12

open cholecystectomy

Question 13

chevron/rooftop/mercedes-benz

Answer 13

liver transplant, whipple, pancreatic surgery, upper GI surgery

Question 14

hockey stick incision

Answer 14

renal transplant

Question 15

mcburney incision

Answer 15

open appendicectomy

Question 16

pfannenstiel or joel-Cohen

Answer 16

C/S

Question 17

complications with surgical incision

Answer 17

breakdown can be indicated by pink serous discharge

burst abdomen

Question 18

what does colic cause

Answer 18

restlessness

Question 19

what causes colic?

Answer 19

internal organs and visceral peritoneum have no somatic innervation so pain corresponds to the same level of entry as the dermatomes and splanchnic nerves

the visceral unmyelinated C-fibres enter at many levels and bilaterally

Question 20

right hemicolectomy

Answer 20

removal of caecum, ascending and proximal transverse colon

Question 21

left hemicolectomy

Answer 21

removal of distal transverse and descending colon

Question 22

high anterior resection

Answer 22

removal of sigmoid colon (sigmoid colectomy)

Question 23

low anterior resection

Answer 23

removal of sigmoid colon and upper rectum

Question 24

abdomino-perineal resectio (APR)

Answer 24

removal of rectum and anus, permanent colostomy

Question 25

what is a stoma

Answer 25

artificial union between a conduit and the outside world

Question 26

classification of a stoma

Answer 26

1. colostomy 2. ileostomy 3. gastrostomy 4. urostomy

Question 27

what is a colostomy?

Answer 27

colon brought flush onto the skin, LIF

Question 28

what is an ileostomy

Answer 28

ileum brought onto the skin sprouted RIF

Question 29

what is a gastrostomy?

Answer 29

artificial connection between stomach and abdominal wall | used for PEG feeding

Question 30

what is a urostomy?

Answer 30

opening of the urinary system onto the skin directly from the kidneys make an ileal conduit RIF

Question 31

types of colostomies

Answer 31

- loop - end - paul-mikulicz

Question 32

what is a loop colostomy?

Answer 32

often temporary with a loop of colon is divided forming two stomas often used to allow the distal portion of the bowel to heal post-surgery

Question 33

are end colostomies permanent?

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

what is mittlestec syndrome?

Answer 34

gall bladder stone blocks biliary tree

Question 35

most likely cause of a lump in the neck in <20

Answer 35

dermoid cyst

Question 36

what is Plummer's disease?

Answer 36

hyperthyroidism with a single toxic nodule

Question 37

types of obstructions in the intestines

Answer 37

1. small bowel obstruction 2. large bowel obstruction 3. ileus 4. closed obstruction

Question 38

causes of ileus

Answer 38

``` tricyclics spinal injury hypokalaemia hyponatraemia uraemia sepsis pancreatitis post-surgery ```

Question 39

what is a closed obstruction?

Answer 39

two points

Question 40

how to tell the differences between small bowel and large bowel on XR?

Answer 40

small bowel has lines all the way across whereas large bowel doesn't due to the presence of the haustra.

Question 41

what is gastroschisis?

Answer 41

protrusion of abdominal contents through a defect in the wall to the right of the umbilicus. Needs promptly surgical repair

Question 42

what is exomphalos?

Answer 42

abdominal contents outside the abdomen covered in peritoneum, Wharton's jelly and amnion surgical repair less urgent due to protection from membranes

Question 43

complication of gastrectomy

Answer 43

dumping syndrome

Question 44

what is dumping syndrome?

Answer 44

food of high osmotic potential being dumped in the jejunum causing oligemia