4th Year Surgical Incisions Flashcards
otomy
cutting open
oscopy
viewing with a scope/ keyhole surgery
ectomy
removal
plasty
changing shape
pexy
fixing something in place
centesis
refers to puncturing with a needle
ostomy
creating a new opening
gram
refers to recording or imaging
define hemicolectomy
removal of a portion of the large intestine
Hartmann’s procedure
proctosigmoidectomy
whipple’s procedure
pancreaticoduodenectomy
Kocher incision
open cholecystectomy
chevron/rooftop/mercedes-benz
liver transplant, whipple, pancreatic surgery, upper GI surgery
hockey stick incision
renal transplant
mcburney incision
open appendicectomy
pfannenstiel or joel-Cohen
C/S
complications with surgical incision
breakdown can be indicated by pink serous discharge
burst abdomen
what does colic cause
restlessness
what causes colic?
internal organs and visceral peritoneum have no somatic innervation so pain corresponds to the same level of entry as the dermatomes and splanchnic nerves
the visceral unmyelinated C-fibres enter at many levels and bilaterally
right hemicolectomy
removal of caecum, ascending and proximal transverse colon
left hemicolectomy
removal of distal transverse and descending colon
high anterior resection
removal of sigmoid colon (sigmoid colectomy)
low anterior resection
removal of sigmoid colon and upper rectum
abdomino-perineal resectio (APR)
removal of rectum and anus, permanent colostomy
what is a stoma
artificial union between a conduit and the outside world
classification of a stoma
- colostomy
- ileostomy
- gastrostomy
- urostomy
what is a colostomy?
colon brought flush onto the skin, LIF
what is an ileostomy
ileum brought onto the skin
sprouted
RIF
what is a gastrostomy?
artificial connection between stomach and abdominal wall
used for PEG feeding
what is a urostomy?
opening of the urinary system onto the skin directly from the kidneys
make an ileal conduit
RIF
types of colostomies
- loop
- end
- paul-mikulicz
what is a loop colostomy?
often temporary with a loop of colon is divided forming two stomas
often used to allow the distal portion of the bowel to heal post-surgery
are end colostomies permanent?
yes
what is mittlestec syndrome?
gall bladder stone blocks biliary tree
most likely cause of a lump in the neck in <20
dermoid cyst
what is Plummer’s disease?
hyperthyroidism with a single toxic nodule
types of obstructions in the intestines
- small bowel obstruction
- large bowel obstruction
- ileus
- closed obstruction
causes of ileus
tricyclics spinal injury hypokalaemia hyponatraemia uraemia sepsis pancreatitis post-surgery
what is a closed obstruction?
two points
how to tell the differences between small bowel and large bowel on XR?
small bowel has lines all the way across whereas large bowel doesn’t due to the presence of the haustra.
what is gastroschisis?
protrusion of abdominal contents through a defect in the wall to the right of the umbilicus. Needs promptly surgical repair
what is exomphalos?
abdominal contents outside the abdomen covered in peritoneum, Wharton’s jelly and amnion
surgical repair less urgent due to protection from membranes
complication of gastrectomy
dumping syndrome
what is dumping syndrome?
food of high osmotic potential being dumped in the jejunum causing oligemia
