Microbiology Flashcards
where is bacteria normally found?
lower end of urethra
what bacteria are we worried about?
coliforms and enterococcus
what is lower UTI
infection confined to bladder
what is upper UTI
infection involving ureters and or kidneys
what is it called when kidneys inflamed
pyelonephritis
what is bacteriuria
bacteria in urine- not always a sign of infection
what is cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
who gets UTI
women, increased with sexual activity, pregnancy (uterus pressing on bladder- stasis of bladder, catheter patients, abnormalities with urinary tract
how doe a UTI travel?
ascending infection or from the bloodstream
what is the biggest cause of UTI
E. Coli, (klebsiella, proteus)
what is associated with proteus
deposition of stones, fowl smelling, increases urinary pH
what are the 2 common enterococcus species that can be seen in UTI
enterococcus faecalis and faecium
what is the strain of coag negative that can cause UTUI
staph saphrophyticus- women of child bearing age
what organism is associated with catheters and instrumentation causing UTI
pseudomonas aeruginosa
how can you treat pseudomonas aeruginosa
ciprofloxacin (dont use unless we have to)
how do you diagnose UTI
dysuria, frequency, haematuria, (fever, loin and rigors- upper UTI)
what portion of the stream should you collect if sampling urine
mid-stream
what ar either ways of sampling urine
bag urine, clean catch urine or catheter specimen urine
what colour of cp should be used on the specimen bottles?
red- contains boric acid which stops multiplication of bacteria
what would be raised on urinalysis in UTI
leukocytes, nitrites (bacterial in urine), protein and blood
what is kass’s criteria
10^5 organisms= UTI
what is used to treat lower UTI normally
trimethoprim (avoid in first trimester of pregnancy- associated with spina bifida and low folic acid)
how long should a course of uncomplicated lower UTI treatment last?
3 days in women.
what antibiotic is used in pregnant women for UTI in first trimester
nitrofurantoin (not for breastfeeding of children
what hospital medication is going to be used in UTI
gentamicin (not in pregnancy- 8th cranial nerve damage)
when is temocillin used?
treating complicated UTI/ urosepsis whose renal function is poor
what antibiotics is used in complicated UTI or pyelonephritis in GP
co-amoxiclav or co- trimoxazole
what would be given for a UTI or pyelonephritis in hospital
amoxicillin and gentamicin IV for 3 days
how many organisms are usually present in a catheter UTI
2 or more
