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Renal > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

where is bacteria normally found?

A

lower end of urethra

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2
Q

what bacteria are we worried about?

A

coliforms and enterococcus

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3
Q

what is lower UTI

A

infection confined to bladder

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4
Q

what is upper UTI

A

infection involving ureters and or kidneys

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5
Q

what is it called when kidneys inflamed

A

pyelonephritis

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6
Q

what is bacteriuria

A

bacteria in urine- not always a sign of infection

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7
Q

what is cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

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8
Q

who gets UTI

A

women, increased with sexual activity, pregnancy (uterus pressing on bladder- stasis of bladder, catheter patients, abnormalities with urinary tract

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9
Q

how doe a UTI travel?

A

ascending infection or from the bloodstream

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10
Q

what is the biggest cause of UTI

A

E. Coli, (klebsiella, proteus)

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11
Q

what is associated with proteus

A

deposition of stones, fowl smelling, increases urinary pH

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12
Q

what are the 2 common enterococcus species that can be seen in UTI

A

enterococcus faecalis and faecium

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13
Q

what is the strain of coag negative that can cause UTUI

A

staph saphrophyticus- women of child bearing age

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14
Q

what organism is associated with catheters and instrumentation causing UTI

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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15
Q

how can you treat pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

ciprofloxacin (dont use unless we have to)

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16
Q

how do you diagnose UTI

A

dysuria, frequency, haematuria, (fever, loin and rigors- upper UTI)

17
Q

what portion of the stream should you collect if sampling urine

A

mid-stream

18
Q

what ar either ways of sampling urine

A

bag urine, clean catch urine or catheter specimen urine

19
Q

what colour of cp should be used on the specimen bottles?

A

red- contains boric acid which stops multiplication of bacteria

20
Q

what would be raised on urinalysis in UTI

A

leukocytes, nitrites (bacterial in urine), protein and blood

21
Q

what is kass’s criteria

A

10^5 organisms= UTI

22
Q

what is used to treat lower UTI normally

A

trimethoprim (avoid in first trimester of pregnancy- associated with spina bifida and low folic acid)

23
Q

how long should a course of uncomplicated lower UTI treatment last?

A

3 days in women.

24
Q

what antibiotic is used in pregnant women for UTI in first trimester

A

nitrofurantoin (not for breastfeeding of children

25
Q

what hospital medication is going to be used in UTI

A

gentamicin (not in pregnancy- 8th cranial nerve damage)

26
Q

when is temocillin used?

A

treating complicated UTI/ urosepsis whose renal function is poor

27
Q

what antibiotics is used in complicated UTI or pyelonephritis in GP

A

co-amoxiclav or co- trimoxazole

28
Q

what would be given for a UTI or pyelonephritis in hospital

A

amoxicillin and gentamicin IV for 3 days

29
Q

how many organisms are usually present in a catheter UTI

A

2 or more

Renal (18 decks)

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