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Renal > Male Genital tract > Flashcards

Male Genital tract Flashcards

1
Q

what is a commonest tumour arising in the penis

A

squamous carcinoma in situ

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2
Q

what is the appearance of bowens disease

A

crusty (early appearance of squamous carcinoma)

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3
Q

what is premalinancy of squamous carcinoma called?

A

erythroplasia and Bowens disease

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4
Q

is bowens and erythropalsia disease full or partial thickness

A

full thickness dysplasia of epidermis

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5
Q

what percentage of squamous carcinoma tumours are invasive

A

5%

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6
Q

where in world is squamous carcinoma most common?

A

Latin america,

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7
Q

is squamous carcinoma associated with uncircumcised or circumsised penis?

A

uncircumsised

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8
Q

what 2 things are associated with squamous carcinoma?

A

HPV and poor hygiene

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9
Q

where on the penis is the carcinoma found?

A

glans or prepuce

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10
Q

what is the appearance of squamous carcinom penis mass

A

cauliflower- ulcerating indurated tumour

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11
Q

what occupation is associated with SCC of scrotum?

A

chimney sweeps

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12
Q

what is the commonest prostatic disorder

A

benign nodular hyperplasia of prostate

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13
Q

w

how is BNH caused?

A

irregular proliferation of both glandular and stromal prostatic tissue

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14
Q

what hormone excess is there in BNH

A

oestrogen

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15
Q

what are the ways BNH can affect?

A

physical obstruction an physiological interference

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16
Q

what symptoms are associated with prostatism

A

difficulty starting micturition, poor flow and overflow incontinence

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17
Q

what are complications of BNH

A

bladder hypertrophy and diverticulum formation

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18
Q

what is the management of BNH

A

Drugs- alpha blockers-> surgery

19
Q

does BNH predispose you to carcinoma?

A

naaaaaah

20
Q

what is present histologically on BNH

A

tree like epithelium and increase in epithelial cells

21
Q

is prostatic cancer common?

A

yes

22
Q

what age group is affected by prostatic carcinoma

A

60-80 yo

23
Q

is there a familial tendency in prostatic cancer?

A

yes

24
Q

Are BNH and prostatic carcinoma linked?

A

no- but can occur in same gland

25
Q

does PC occur in peripheries or central gland?

A

peripheries- posterior lobe

26
Q

If prostate biopsy with foci is found do you treat or not in 80-90yo?

A

no- cause unlikely to be malignant whereas at 50-60 you would treat it

27
Q

how can prostate carcinoma spread?

A

local, lymphatic, blood(bone- causes formation of bone instead of degradation)

28
Q

do most presentations of prostate carcinoma have mets already?

A

yes- 2/3

29
Q

how do you diagnose prostatic carcinoma

A

rectal examination, USS, XR, DEXA bone scan, Check for Prostate specific antigen!!**
Remember to biopsy- under ultrasound control (12 samples per patient)

30
Q

How are prostate carcinomas managed?

A

hormonal therpay- in elderly people. Anti- Androgen
Radiotherapy- bony mets
Surgery- BEST PROGNOSIS ( radical prostatectomy)

31
Q

Are testicular tumours common?

A

noooo

32
Q

what is big risk factor for testicular malignancy

A

testicula maldescent

33
Q

what is the presenting symptom of testicular tumours

A

painless enlargement (gynaecomastia, hydrocele)

34
Q

what is the commonest testicular tumour

A

germ cell tumour- seminoma and teratoma

35
Q

what is the tumour that arises around the testicle

A

adenomatoid tumour

36
Q

what is the commonest of the germ cell tumour

A

seminoma

37
Q

what age group is affected by seminoma

A

30-50 yo

38
Q

what vegetable does a seminoma look like under microscope

A

potato

39
Q

how is seminoma spread?

A

through blood/ lymphatics- through para aortic lymph nodes

40
Q

how do you treat a seminoma

A

radiotherapy

41
Q

what is the second commonest germ cell tumour

A

teratoma- arises from all ectoderm, endoderm nd mesoderm

42
Q

what age group is affected by teratoma

A

20-30 yo males, can occur in childhood

43
Q

What are 3 important tumour markers

A

bHCG- trophoblastic
AFP- yolk sac
PLAP (placental)- seminoma

Renal (18 decks)

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