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Renal > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what features make up the urinary tract

A

kidney- ureter- bladder- urethra

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2
Q

what makes up the upper urinary tract

A

kidney, ureter

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3
Q

what is involved in the lower urinary tract

A

bladder, urethra

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4
Q

what features are located within the abdomen

A

Retroperitoneum: kidneys and proximal ureters

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5
Q

What is present in the pelvis region and what been marks the difference between abdomen and pelvic regions

A

distal ureters, bladder and proximal urethra and the hip bone at level of L4

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6
Q

what region is the distal urethra located in

A

perineum

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7
Q

is the left kidney closer to the aorta or IVC?

A

aorta

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8
Q

what 3 features are located within the renal hilum

A

right renal artery, vein and right ureter

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9
Q

what 2 muscles lie posterior to the kidneys

A

psoas major and quadrates lumborum

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10
Q

what fat lies closest to the kidneys

A

perinephric fat

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11
Q

what fat lies just underneath the visceral peritoneum

A

paranephric fat

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12
Q

what region of th body does the kidney lie in

A

Upper quadrants or flank regions

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13
Q

what is the space called between the liver and th kidneys

A

hepatorenal recess

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14
Q

do the renal veins lie anterior to the renal arteries?

A

yep

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15
Q

are the common iliac veins anterior to the arteries?

A

no

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16
Q

where does the lymph from the kidneys drain to?

A

lumbar ndoes

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17
Q

at what anatomical landmark does the abdominal aorta bifurcate at

A

umbilicus

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18
Q

what supplies the ureter?

A

renal artery, abdominal aorta, common iliac artery, internal iliac artery, vesicle artery

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19
Q

where does lymph from the ureter go to ?

A

lumbar AND iliac nodes

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20
Q

what does the collecting duct drain into

A

minor calyx

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21
Q

where are the 3 sites of ureteric constriction

A

pelviuretic junction- wide pelvis and small ureter

Ureter crossing common iliac artery

Ureteric orifice

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22
Q

what are renal stones formed by

A

urine calcium salts

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23
Q

can obstructions in the bladder cause unilateral or bilateral problems

A

both

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24
Q

what does obstruction of th eurethra cause?

A

bilateral problems

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25
Q

what is hydronephrosis

A

water within the kidney

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26
Q

what does acute hydronephrosis cause?

A

painful stretching of renal capsule

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27
Q

what is the false pelvis

A

area from iliac crest to pelvic inlet which is actually classed as abdominal cavity

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28
Q

what is the tract of the ureters

A

retroperitoneum- false pelvis- true pelvis

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29
Q

what is the true pelvis

A

from the pelvic inlet to the pelvic floor

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30
Q

where is the bladder found

A

in the pelvic cavity

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31
Q

what are the pelvic floor muscles

A

levator ani

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32
Q

what are the 3 openings in the pelvic floor flor

A

alimentary, renal and reproductive tract

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33
Q

do the ureters pass anterior or posterior to the common iliac vessels to enter pelvis

A

anterior

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34
Q

do the ureters enter onto the posterior or anterior aspect of the bladder

A

posterior

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35
Q

what is it good that the ureters enter the posterior bladder wall at a inferomedial direction?

A

prevents reflux of urine back into ureter when bladder contracts

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36
Q

what is the most inferior part of the male peritoneal cavity called

A

rectovesicle pouch

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37
Q

what is the most inferior part of a female peritoneal tract

A

rectouterine pouch

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38
Q

does the ureter lie inferiorly or superiorly to uterine tubes/ vas deferens?

A

inferior

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39
Q

where do vesicle arteries supply?

A

bladder

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40
Q

what does the internal iliac artery give rise to

A

vesical artery, middle rectal artery, vaginal artery (female), uterine artery

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41
Q

what is a trigone

A

the 3 corners of the urethral orifics (1 internal urethral orifice)

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42
Q

does the prostate lie anterior or posterior to bladder?

A

prostate lies posterior

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43
Q

what is the muscles called that forms the main chunk of bladder wall

A

detrusor muscle

44
Q

what extra sphincter do men have to prevent ejaculation going backup into the bladder?

A

internal urethral sphincter muscle

45
Q

what is the most anterior organ in the pelvis?

A

bladder

46
Q

what separates the uterus and the bladder

A

uterovesicle pouch

47
Q

how long is a female urethra

A

4cm roughly

48
Q

how long is a males urethra

A

20cm roughly

49
Q

what urethra passes over the prostate

A

prostatic urethra

50
Q

what is contained within the spermatic cord

A

testicular artery, vas deferens, and pampiniform plexus

51
Q

what is the sac called which the testes sit in

A

tunica vaginalis

52
Q

what is hydrocele

A

excess fluid within the tunica vaginalis

53
Q

what supplies/ drains the testis

A

testicular artery and vein

54
Q

what is the blood supply to the penis

A

deep arteries of the penis, internal pudendal artery

55
Q

what is the blood supply to the scorotum

A

internal pudendal artery and external iliac artery

56
Q

where does lymph form the testis drain?

A

lumbar nodes

57
Q

what are the 5 types of nerve fibre?

A

sensations from body wall- somatic sensory

sensations from our organs- visceral afferent

Motor response to body wall- somatic motor

Motor response to organs by parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibres

58
Q

what 2 types of nerves control ureteric peristalsis and bladder contraction

A

sympathetic/ parasympathetic

59
Q

what controls the internal urethral sphincter

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

60
Q

what controls the external urethral sphincter nd levator ani

A

somatic motor

61
Q

what is the main nerve fibre that controls pain

A

visceral afferent

62
Q

what controls urinary continence (motor and sensory)

A

parasympathetic, sympathetic, visceral afferent and somatic motor

63
Q

what type of nerves supply the perineum and lower limbs

A

somatic motor and sensory

64
Q

do sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves travel the length of CNS or spinal cords?

A

no, only a portion of it

65
Q

what levels does the sympathetic nerves leave?

A

T1- L2 spinal nerve

66
Q

how do sympathetic nerves reach smooth muscle glands of the body?

A

in either cardiopulmonary splanchnic or abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

67
Q

what do the cardiopulmonary or abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves follow to reach the gland/ smooth muscle

A

arteries

68
Q

at what level do sympathetic nerves leave the chain to supply the kidneys, ureter and bladder

A

T10-L2

69
Q

do the abdominal splanchnic nerves synapse straight away?

A

NOOOO

70
Q

where do abdominosplanchnic nerves synapse?

A

at the abdominal sympathetic ganglia around the abdominal aorta

71
Q

what is a periarterial plexus

A

post synaptic sympathetic nerve fibres pass from ganglia onto artery surface and it is the collection of nerve fibres found on the outside of the arteries

72
Q

what 4 cranial nerves do the parasympathetic nerves leave in

A

3,7,9,10

73
Q

apart from some cranial nerves, what else carries parasympathetic nerves?

A

sacral spinal nerves

74
Q

do parasympathetic fibres innervate smooth muscle of body wall?

A

no

75
Q

how do parasympathetic fibres reach hindgut and pelvic organs?

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves (note no abdomeno)

76
Q

what parasympathetic nerve innervates kidney and ureter

A

vagus nerve

77
Q

what parasympathetic nerves innervate the bladdeR?

A

nerves carried in pelvic splanchnic nerves

78
Q

what level do pelvic splanchnic nerves leave?

A

S2,3,4,

79
Q

do somatic motor nerves go to the kidneys, ureter or bladder

A

noooo- it only goes to the body wall

80
Q

where in the renal system do somatic motor fibres go to

A

urethra (distal) and its sphincter (external) and levator ani

81
Q

where is pain from kidney felt?

A

loin region- posterior flank on affected side

82
Q

where is pain from bladder normally felt?

A

suprapubic region

83
Q

where is pain from a renal calculus felt?

A

anywhere from loin to groin on affected side

84
Q

where is pain from the urethra felt?

A

perineum

85
Q

where do visceral afferent nerves leave the spinal cord?

A

T11 and L1

86
Q

which dermatome would a patient with kidney pain feel the pain?

A

T11-L1

87
Q

what is the most common cause of loin pain?

A

muscular

88
Q

Where does the visceral afferent nerves leading to ureters enter spinal cord

A

T11 and L2

89
Q

what dermatome is pain felt in superior bladder

A

T11-L2

90
Q

what visceral afferent nerve level supplies the inferior bladder

A

S2,3,4

91
Q

what visceral afferent level runs from proximal urethra

A

run beside parasympathetic nerve S2,3,4 (at level above levator ani)

92
Q

in distal urethra somatic sensory nerve fibres carried within pudendal nerve in levels S2,3,4

A

true

93
Q

what level do visceral afferent nerves run from the testi

A

T10-11

94
Q

where can pain from the testss radiate to?

A

felt in scrotum but can radiate to groin and anterior lower abdomen

95
Q

what nerve level help us control urine micturition

A

S2-4

96
Q

what 2 named nerves control urine micturition

A

pelvic splanchnic (parasympathetic) and pudendal (somatic motor) nerves

97
Q

where doe sciatic nerve arise from

A

L4-S3

98
Q

what are the 6 lumbar plexus named nerves and their dermatome

A

from a spending to descending

iliohypogastric L1
ilioinguinal L1
lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh L2,3
genitofemoral L1,2
Femoral nerve L2-4
Obturator nerve L2-4
99
Q

what main nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

femoral L2-4

100
Q

what main nerve supplies the medial thigh

A

obturator neve L2-4

101
Q

what mainly supplies the skin of the posterior thigh

A

sciatic nerve L4-S3

102
Q

what is the main nerve that supplies the anterior compartment of leg

A

deep fibular

103
Q

what is the main nerve that supplies the lateral leg

A

superficial fibular nerve

104
Q

what does the sciatic nerve split into

A

tibial and common fibular nerves

105
Q

what mainly supplies the plantar foot

A

tibial

106
Q

what nerve supplies the first web space

A

deep fibular

107
Q

what nerve supplies majority of solar foot

A

superficial fibular nerve

Renal (18 decks)

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