Haematuria

Question 1

what is haematuria

Answer 1

blood in urine

Question 2

when is haematuria confirmed?

Answer 2

when there is more than 5 RBC in 3 of 3 consecutive specimens collected 1 week apart

Question 3

what is visible haematuria

Answer 3

macroscopic (in urine) or gross haematuria or FRANK

Question 4

What is it called when we cant see blood in urine, but it is still in blood under microscope

Answer 4

microscopic haematuria

Question 5

is non visible haematuria dipstick positive or nit?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

what are symptoms of non visible haematuria

Answer 6

hesitancy, frequency, urgency, dysuria, renal colic (upper tract)

Question 7

why might you also get red urine?

Answer 7

menstrual, food- beetroot ect, destruction of muscle can give red appearance of urine, some drugs (nitrofuranteron for UTI) porphyria and urobilonogen in urine

Question 8

Can blood thinners make people have red urine

Answer 8

yes sometimes- warfarin, aspirin, heparin

Question 9

what are risk factors for microscopic haematuria

Answer 9

smoking, chemical and dye exposure, history of gross haematuuria, over 40 years, history of urological conditions, UTI, analgesic abuse- Phenacetin (causing cancer)

Question 10

what types of injury can cause bleeding?

Answer 10

benign, malignant, trauma or other

Question 11

what is infection/ inflammation inside urethra

Answer 11

urethritis

Question 12

what do patents with renal tumour present with

Answer 12

haematuria, pain, kidney mass (Israel triad) not v common

Question 13

where does renal cell cancer arise form

Answer 13

lower urinary tract

Question 14

what tumour arises in upper urinary tract

Answer 14

transitional cell carcinoma

Question 15

what symptom is most associated with transitional cell cancer

Answer 15

haematuria from renal calyces etc

Question 16

what is sports haematuria

Answer 16

trauma in contact sports injury (rugby),

Question 17

what is joggers haematuria

Answer 17

runners, long distance running- if happens every time

Question 18

can sigmoid diverticula cause haematuria?

Answer 18

Yes! can Pierce bladder

Question 19

what do vermiform (wormlike clots) look like?

Answer 19

haematuria coming from upper urinary tract

Question 20

is bleed in first void?

Answer 20

urethra or prostate gland

Question 21

are hairdressers at risk of urinary tract cancer?

Answer 21

yes- dealing with dye

Question 22

what is aristlochia

Answer 22

has been found to cause transitional cell carcinoma

Question 23

what is phenacetin

Answer 23

pain relieving and fever reducing which is now banned

Question 24

what examinations do you do?

Answer 24

urinalysis, prostate exam, CT Xray with and without contrast, ureterorenoscopy

Question 25

what if you get only blood on urinalysis?

Answer 25

no infection

Question 26

patients who are paraplegic/ in a hwleechair can develop squamous cell carcinoma, true or false

Answer 26

true