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Renal > Haematuria > Flashcards

Haematuria Flashcards

1
Q

what is haematuria

A

blood in urine

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2
Q

when is haematuria confirmed?

A

when there is more than 5 RBC in 3 of 3 consecutive specimens collected 1 week apart

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3
Q

what is visible haematuria

A

macroscopic (in urine) or gross haematuria or FRANK

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4
Q

What is it called when we cant see blood in urine, but it is still in blood under microscope

A

microscopic haematuria

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5
Q

is non visible haematuria dipstick positive or nit?

A

yes

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6
Q

what are symptoms of non visible haematuria

A

hesitancy, frequency, urgency, dysuria, renal colic (upper tract)

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7
Q

why might you also get red urine?

A

menstrual, food- beetroot ect, destruction of muscle can give red appearance of urine, some drugs (nitrofuranteron for UTI) porphyria and urobilonogen in urine

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8
Q

Can blood thinners make people have red urine

A

yes sometimes- warfarin, aspirin, heparin

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9
Q

what are risk factors for microscopic haematuria

A

smoking, chemical and dye exposure, history of gross haematuuria, over 40 years, history of urological conditions, UTI, analgesic abuse- Phenacetin (causing cancer)

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10
Q

what types of injury can cause bleeding?

A

benign, malignant, trauma or other

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11
Q

what is infection/ inflammation inside urethra

A

urethritis

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12
Q

what do patents with renal tumour present with

A

haematuria, pain, kidney mass (Israel triad) not v common

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13
Q

where does renal cell cancer arise form

A

lower urinary tract

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14
Q

what tumour arises in upper urinary tract

A

transitional cell carcinoma

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15
Q

what symptom is most associated with transitional cell cancer

A

haematuria from renal calyces etc

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16
Q

what is sports haematuria

A

trauma in contact sports injury (rugby),

17
Q

what is joggers haematuria

A

runners, long distance running- if happens every time

18
Q

can sigmoid diverticula cause haematuria?

A

Yes! can Pierce bladder

19
Q

what do vermiform (wormlike clots) look like?

A

haematuria coming from upper urinary tract

20
Q

is bleed in first void?

A

urethra or prostate gland

21
Q

are hairdressers at risk of urinary tract cancer?

A

yes- dealing with dye

22
Q

what is aristlochia

A

has been found to cause transitional cell carcinoma

23
Q

what is phenacetin

A

pain relieving and fever reducing which is now banned

24
Q

what examinations do you do?

A

urinalysis, prostate exam, CT Xray with and without contrast, ureterorenoscopy

25
Q

what if you get only blood on urinalysis?

A

no infection

26
Q

patients who are paraplegic/ in a hwleechair can develop squamous cell carcinoma, true or false

A

true

Renal (18 decks)

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