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MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

The study of organisms too small to be seen by the unaided eye

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

Study of microbes

A

Microbiology

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3
Q

Study of microbial pathogens considered health threats to people

A

Clinical Microbiology

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4
Q

Examination and identification of organisms through laboratory tests

A

Diagnostic Microbiology

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5
Q

Practical application and use of beneficial microorganisms in food processing

A

Food Microbiology

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6
Q

the study of parasites

A

PARASITOLOGY

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7
Q

the study of fungi

A

MYCOLOGY

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8
Q

the study of bacteria

A

BACTERIOLOGY

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9
Q

the study of viruses

A

VIROLOGY

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10
Q

Diseases are caused by different types of rapidly multiplying minute body and that these bodies are transferred from the infector to the infected in three ways

A

GIROLAMO FRACASTORO

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11
Q

Father of Bacteriology and Protozoology

A

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

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12
Q

Discovered many life forms he called animalcules’

A

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

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13
Q

Made a single lens microscope which enabled the study of minute organisms

A

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

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14
Q

Disputed the Theory of Spontaneous Generation.

A

FRANCESCO REDI

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15
Q

Living organisms can evolve in non-living organisms

A

Theory of Spontaneous Generation.

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16
Q

Performed an experiment on decaying meat in 1668.

A

FRANCESCO REDI

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17
Q

There must be a “life force” that causes inanimate matter to spontaneously come to life

A

JOHN NEEDHAM

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18
Q

Boiled nutrient fluids in a flask then tightly sealed with cork - Microbial growth

A

JOHN NEEDHAM

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19
Q

Observed that microbes move through the air as possible source of contamination and can be destroyed by boiling.

A

LAZZARO SPALLANZANI

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20
Q

Infusions heated in sealed vial - No Microbial growth

A

LAZZARO SPALLANZANI

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21
Q

Developed the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization

A

LOUIS PASTEUR

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22
Q

Pioneer of antiseptic surgery

A

JOSEPH LISTER

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23
Q

Introduced the use of carbolic acid (phenol)

A

JOSEPH LISTER

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24
Q

chemical sterilizing agent for surgical instruments

A

Carbolic Acid (phenol)

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25
Q

Credited for the Gram staining technique

A

HANS CHRISTIAN GRAM

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26
Q

two major groups of bacteria:

A

Gram-positive
Gram-negative

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27
Q

Discovered the first antibiotic, Penicillin G

A

ALEXANDER FLEMING

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28
Q

Penicillin G, from a mold ____

A

Penicillium notatum (fungi)

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29
Q

Established the theory of etiologic agents cause diseases by providing experimental steps used to prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease.

A

ROBERT KOCH

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30
Q

4 generalize principles linking specific microorganisms to specific diseases that remain today as the “gold standard” in medical microbiology

A

Koch’s postulates

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31
Q

The lipoprotein layer that surrounds the cytoplasm

A

CELL MEMBRANE

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32
Q

Regulates the transport of solutes in and out of the cell

A

CELL MEMBRANE

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33
Q

The semi-rigid casing that provides structural shape and support to the cell

A

CELL WALL

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34
Q

Site of protein synthesis

A

RIBOSOMES

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35
Q

Gives granular structure to the cytoplasm

A

RIBOSOMES

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36
Q

The region where the DNA is concentrated

A

NUCLEOID

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37
Q

Protective layer of a bacterium that resist phagocytosis (destruction by a macrophage) and desiccation (drying)

A

CAPSULE

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38
Q

Hair-like proteinaceous structures that extend from the cell membrane into the external environment

A

PILI

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39
Q

Neisseria gonorrheae has two types:

A

SOMATIC PILI
SEX PILI

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40
Q

The structure that allows the bacteria to move

A

FLAGELLUM

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41
Q

absence of flagellum

42
Q

one polar flagellum

A

MONOTRICHOUS

43
Q

single flagellum on both ends

A

AMPHITRICHOUS

44
Q

tuft of flagella on either end or both ends

A

LOPHOTRICHOUS

45
Q

flagella all around the organism

A

PERITRICHOUS

46
Q

Food reserves of the bacteria

A

INCLUSION BODIES

47
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Babes-Ernst bodies

48
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Much’s granules

49
Q

Nocardia and Actinomyces species

A

Sulfur granules

50
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

Bipolar bodies

51
Q

Structures that allow the bacteria to resist sterilization

52
Q

Clostridium tetani

53
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

SUBTERMINAL

54
Q

Bacillus anthracis

55
Q

(COCCI)

56
Q

(Bacilli)

57
Q

BACTERIAL FORMS

A

Spheres (COCCI)
Rods (Bacilli)
Spirals

58
Q

Bacillus anthracis

59
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Botulism/food poisoning

60
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Diphtheria

61
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Urinary tract infection

62
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Pyogenic infections

62
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Strep throat, scarlet fever

62
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

Typhoid fever

63
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

64
Q

Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum

65
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Tuberculosis

66
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Gastric ulcer

67
Q

require oxygen for growth (obligate, facultative, microaerophilic)

68
Q

grow best in an atmosphere of reduced oxygen tension

69
Q

need 5-10% carbon dioxide to live

A

Capnophiles

70
Q

artificial environment
agar

A

Nutrient media

71
Q

able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight

A

Autotrophs

72
Q

organisms must make use of food that comes from other organisms in the form of fats, carbohydrates and proteins

A

Heterotrophs

73
Q

0-15°C

A

Psychrophile/cryophile

74
Q

20-45° C (human pathogens)

75
Q

50-60°C

A

Thermophile

76
Q

80-113°C

A

Hyperthermophile

77
Q

pH 0-5.5 (Sulfolobus)

A

Acidophile

78
Q

pH 5.5-8.0 (E.coli)

A

Neutrophile

79
Q

pH 8.5-11.5 (Vibrio cholerae)

A

Alkalophile

80
Q

One stain is used (e.g. methylene blue)
Organisms should only be observed for size, shape, and uniformity of staining

A

Simple Stain

81
Q

Used to distinguish between groups of bacteria
Gram staining (common), acid-fast staining (TB)
Two (2) or more dyes are used

A

Differential Stain

82
Q

First dye in Gram staining

A

Crystal violet - First dye

83
Q

Mordant in Gram staining

A

Appliacation of iodine

84
Q

decolorizer

85
Q

Safranin

A

First dye in Gram staining

86
Q

Primary stain in

A

Carbolfuchsin

87
Q

mordant ( melt the wax)

A

Application of heat

88
Q

decolorizer (remain red)

89
Q

Drugs administered to either kill bacteria or inhibit their growth by preventing reproduction

A

Antibiotics

90
Q

agents that inhibit bacterial growth

A

BACTERIOSTATIC

91
Q

agents that actively kill bacteria

A

BACTERICIDAL

92
Q

Indicates which antibiotic is effective in killing the bacteria causing the infection or disease

A

Indicates susceptibality

93
Q

Disk diffusion susceptibility test/Kirby-Bauer Method
Broth dilution susceptibility test

A

Antibiotic suscpelibty

94
Q

Lowest concentration of antimicrobial agent that inhibits bacterial growth. (bacteriostatic)

A

Minimal inhibitory concentration

95
Q

Lowest antibiotic concentration that results in 99.9% death of the bacterial population. (bactericidal)

A

Minimal bactericidal concentration

96
Q

Most common method performed in the laboratory

A

DISK DIFFUSION

97
Q

Determines the susceptibility of bacterial pathogens to antimicrobial agents

A

DISK DIFFUSION

98
Q

Based on growth inhibition surrounding antibiotic- impregnated discs

A

DISK DIFFUSION

99
Q

Measurement of the diameter of the zone of inhibition

A

DISK DIFFUSION

PMLS (12 decks)

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