MICROBIOLOGY Flashcards
The study of organisms too small to be seen by the unaided eye
Microbiology
Study of microbes
Microbiology
Study of microbial pathogens considered health threats to people
Clinical Microbiology
Examination and identification of organisms through laboratory tests
Diagnostic Microbiology
Practical application and use of beneficial microorganisms in food processing
Food Microbiology
the study of parasites
PARASITOLOGY
the study of fungi
MYCOLOGY
the study of bacteria
BACTERIOLOGY
the study of viruses
VIROLOGY
Diseases are caused by different types of rapidly multiplying minute body and that these bodies are transferred from the infector to the infected in three ways
GIROLAMO FRACASTORO
Father of Bacteriology and Protozoology
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
Discovered many life forms he called animalcules’
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
Made a single lens microscope which enabled the study of minute organisms
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
Disputed the Theory of Spontaneous Generation.
FRANCESCO REDI
Living organisms can evolve in non-living organisms
Theory of Spontaneous Generation.
Performed an experiment on decaying meat in 1668.
FRANCESCO REDI
There must be a “life force” that causes inanimate matter to spontaneously come to life
JOHN NEEDHAM
Boiled nutrient fluids in a flask then tightly sealed with cork - Microbial growth
JOHN NEEDHAM
Observed that microbes move through the air as possible source of contamination and can be destroyed by boiling.
LAZZARO SPALLANZANI
Infusions heated in sealed vial - No Microbial growth
LAZZARO SPALLANZANI
Developed the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization
LOUIS PASTEUR
Pioneer of antiseptic surgery
JOSEPH LISTER
Introduced the use of carbolic acid (phenol)
JOSEPH LISTER
chemical sterilizing agent for surgical instruments
Carbolic Acid (phenol)
Credited for the Gram staining technique
HANS CHRISTIAN GRAM
two major groups of bacteria:
Gram-positive
Gram-negative
Discovered the first antibiotic, Penicillin G
ALEXANDER FLEMING
Penicillin G, from a mold ____
Penicillium notatum (fungi)
Established the theory of etiologic agents cause diseases by providing experimental steps used to prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease.
ROBERT KOCH
4 generalize principles linking specific microorganisms to specific diseases that remain today as the “gold standard” in medical microbiology
Koch’s postulates
The lipoprotein layer that surrounds the cytoplasm
CELL MEMBRANE
Regulates the transport of solutes in and out of the cell
CELL MEMBRANE
The semi-rigid casing that provides structural shape and support to the cell
CELL WALL
Site of protein synthesis
RIBOSOMES
Gives granular structure to the cytoplasm
RIBOSOMES
The region where the DNA is concentrated
NUCLEOID
Protective layer of a bacterium that resist phagocytosis (destruction by a macrophage) and desiccation (drying)
CAPSULE
Hair-like proteinaceous structures that extend from the cell membrane into the external environment
PILI
Neisseria gonorrheae has two types:
SOMATIC PILI
SEX PILI
The structure that allows the bacteria to move
FLAGELLUM