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PMLS > IMMUNOHEMA > Flashcards

IMMUNOHEMA Flashcards

1
Q

A branch of immunology which deals with the uses of immunologic principles to study and identify the different blood groups.

A

Immunohematology

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2
Q

Other name for immunohematology

A

Blood Banking

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3
Q

reaction of the blood once it is given to another person.

A

immunologic principles

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4
Q

the production of antibodies.

A

immune response

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5
Q

the reaction of the blood once it is given to another person.

A

Immunohematology

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6
Q

Blood banking performs..

A

ABO and Rh typing

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7
Q

Prepares blood and blood components for transfusion

A

Blood banking

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8
Q

Blood components

A

plasma or RBC or whole blood

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9
Q

Who discovered ABO Blood group system

A

Karl Landsteiner (1900s)

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10
Q

received the Nobel Prize (1930)

A

Karl Landsteiner (1900s)

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11
Q

He categorized the blood groups as A, B, and O

A

Karl Landsteiner (1900s)

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12
Q

4th major ABO blood type

A

AB

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13
Q

AB Blood type was discovered by

A

Alfred Von De Castelo and Adriano Sturli

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14
Q

Foreign agent
any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it.

A

Antigen

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15
Q

A test to determine the blood type of an individual.

A

ABO Blood Typing

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16
Q

To determine antigens in the RBCs of an individual by using commercially prepared antisera of known specificity

A

Cell typing (Direct or Forward typing)

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17
Q

To determine antibodies in the serum/plasma of an individual by using RBCs of known specificity

A

Serum typing (Backward, Indirect typing)

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18
Q

contains proteins known as antibodies

A

serum

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19
Q

reacts against antigen A

A

Anti-A

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20
Q

reacts against antigen B

A

Anti-B

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21
Q

Rh Blood group system

A

Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Weiner (1940)

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22
Q

They injected rabbits with ____________ monkey RBCs and Rh antibodies were produced.

A

Rhesus macaque

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23
Q

Rh antibodies + human RBCs = AGGLUTINATION

A

Rh POSITIVE

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24
Q

Rh antibodies + human RBCs = NO AGGLUTINATION

A

Rh NEGATIVE

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25
Q

5 important Rh antigens:

A

D, C, E, c, e

26
Q

most important and immunogenic antigen

A

D antigen

27
Q

based on the presence and absence of the D antigen on the surface of RBCs using commercially prepared anti-D antisera

A

Rh Typing

28
Q

Importance of Rh - used to identify cases of _________________

A

erythroblastosis fetalis

29
Q

The disorder usually results from incompatibility between maternal and fetal blood groups

A

erythroblastosis fetalis

30
Q

Gives to all blood groups

A

O-

31
Q

Receives from all blood groups

A

AB+

32
Q

Gives to AB+, A+, B+, O+

A

O+

33
Q

Receives from O- and O+

A

O+

34
Q

Receives from O-

A

O-

35
Q

Receives from O-, A-, B-, AB-

A

AB-

36
Q

Universal Platelet and Plasma donor.

A

AB

37
Q

No antibodies

A

AB

38
Q

It is a series of procedures designed to ensure the safety of transferring blood.

A

Compatibility Test

39
Q

It must be performed before the transfusion of blood components

A

Compatibility Test

40
Q

medication or drug in order to alleviate the condition of the patient of similar specie

A

Blood

41
Q

2 compatibility test

A
  1. MAJOR CROSSMATCHING
  2. MINOR CROSSMATCHING
42
Q

Patient serum is mixed with the donor RBCs
Detects if there are antibodies in the patient serum that can destroy the transfused RBCs from the donor

A

MAJOR CROSSMATCHING

43
Q

PS-DR (Patient Serum - Donor’s RBC)

A

MAJOR CROSSMATCHING

44
Q

Patient RBCs are mixed with the donor serum
Detects if there are antibodies in the donor serum that can destroy the patients RBCs

A

MINOR CROSSMATCHING

45
Q

PR-DS (Patient’s RBC - Donor Serum)

A

MINOR CROSSMATCHING

46
Q

The amount of blood in the human body is generally equivalent to _______ of body weight.

A

7% (seven percent)

47
Q

Proteins in the blood

A

fibrinogen, albumin, globulin

48
Q

Every __ seconds someone in the U.S. needs blood.

A

2

49
Q

Only __ of eligible donors donate

A

5%

50
Q

Losing an excessive amount of blood is known as

A

hemorrhagic shock

51
Q

If you lose more than ___ percent of your blood, you will die.

A

40% (2,000 mL, or 0.53 gallons)

52
Q

Effect: volume replacement and restoration of oxygen-carrying capacity.
Indications:
acute blood loss
exchange transfusions
emergency conditions (when there is no other option)

A

Whole blood

53
Q

Effect: restoring oxygen carrying capacity
Indication: anemic conditions with hypoxia

A

Packed Red Blood Cell (PRBC)

54
Q

Indications:
sensitivity to plasma proteins
IgA deficient patients (anaphylaxis)
PNH / removal of complement factors

A

Washed PRBC

55
Q

Indications:
febrile transfusion reactions
cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection

A

Leukocyte-Reduced PRBC

56
Q

Indications: unusual blood types multiple red cell antibodies autologous transfusion

A

Frozen PRBC

57
Q

Indications:
Avoidance GVH

A

Irradiated PRBC

58
Q

Effect: replacement of plasma factors
Indications:
severe bleeding in unknown factor deficiency
complex coagulation factor deficiency / DIC
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

A

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

59
Q

Indications:
thrombocytopenia
platelet dysfunction
DIC

A

Platelet Concentrate

60
Q

Indications:
fibrinogen and factor VIII supplementation
Von Willebrand disease

A

Cryoprecipitate

61
Q

Effects: stops the bleeding, prevents haemorrhage and articular lesions
Indications:
Hemophilia A

A

Factor VIII. Concentrate

62
Q

Indications:
Hemophilia B

A

Factor IX. Concentrate

PMLS (12 decks)

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