IMMUNOSERO Flashcards
The study of all aspects of the immune system, including its structure and function.
Immunology
It deals with the response of an organism to antigenic challenge and its recognition of what is self and non-self.
Immunology
A division of immunology that specializes in the laboratory detection and measurement of antigens and antibodies.
Serology
The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.
Immunity
a substance that is capable of stimulating an immune response
Antigens
a foreign agent that is not considered by the body as self.
Ex. bacteria, viruses, allergens
Antigens
proteins made by plasma cells in response to an antigen
ANTIBODIES
skin (epithelial cells), mucous membrane (sebum, saliva, tears, stomach acid, normal flora)
First line
consists of particular cells (monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, tissue dendritic cells, and mast cells.) and soluble substances in the blood (complement, lysozyme, interferon). The inflammatory response enhances the activation of white blood cells.
Second line
direct fighters of foreign invaders and also produced cytokines, which are biological substances that help activate other parts of the immune system.
T-Lymphocytes
produce antibody molecules that can latch on and destroy invading viruses or bacteria.
B-Lymphocytes
memorize the characteristics of the antigen that activated their parent B cell during initial infection such that if the memory B cell later encounters the same antigen, it triggers an accelerated and robust secondary immune response. (vaccination)
B memory cells
forms a 3rd line defense that allows the body to recognize, remember, and respond to a specific stimulus, an antigen.
ADAPTIVE
can result from natural exposure in response to an infection (natural) or from an intentional vaccination with an antigen-bearing microorganisms (artificial)
ACTIVE
should stimulate the production of antibodies in a person with the disease
ACTIVE
a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system.
PASSIVE
○ if organisms have penetrated the first line of defense.
○ nonspecific
○ this 2nd line of defense consists of particular cells (neutrophils, tse basophils, macrophages) and soluble substances in the blood (complement, lysozyme, interferon)
○ immune response
○ Inborn ( given to us at birth/ fertilization)
○ biologic
INNATE
is an impairment of the immune system
Immunodeficiency
when the immune system attacks the body’s healthy cells, tissues and organs.
autoimmune disease
Plays an important role in the diagnosis of diseases using different tests.
Binding of antigen to a specific antibody
are designed to detect the presence of either antigen or antibody in the unknown sample.
Immunoassays
To determine bacterial infections associated with persistent fever
Make use of bacterial antigens to detect the presence of antibodies.
● Bacterial
Agglutination tests
To determine bacterial infections associated with persistent fever
Bacterial Agglutination tests
Make use of bacterial antigens to detect the presence of antibodies.
Bacterial Agglutination tests
specific test for typhoid fever:
- TYPHIDOT
Widal test
non-specific test for typhus fever
Weil-Felix test
diagnostic test for streptococcal infections
Antistreptolysin O (ASO)
non-specific test for syphilis
Rapid plasma Reagin (RPR)
specific test for syphilis
Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay
(TPHA) test
non-specific marker for inflammation/infection
C-Reactive protein (C-RP) test and C3c radioimmunodiffusionassay (RID) test
mimics your own antibodies - causes infecions
Tests for heterophile antibodies
(caused by Epstein-Barr virus)
Infectious mononucleosis [IM]
Presumptive method
Paul-Bunnel test
classical reference method for heterophile antibodies
Davidson Differential test
qualitative test that detects IM heterophile antibodies in the sample.
Monospot test
detects ß-human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-HCG)
Could also detect cancer of cervix, testicular cancer, and other medical conditions.
● Pregnancy test
a fast-screening test that detects HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies in the specimen
HIV Tests
(ex.ELISA)
screening
HIV rapid test
Western blot test
confirmatory
a rapid qualitative screening test for the detection of hepatitis B infection.
HBsAg rapid test
a rapid test designed to detect:
■ NS1 antigen
■ Antibodies (IgG and IgM)
Dengue duo test
detects presence of antinuclear antibodies (destroys your own RBC) associated with SLE
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) latex test
Used to determine rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid factor (RF) latex test
To determine compatibility in organ, tissue, and bone marrow transplantation
To determine paternity
To diagnose HLA-related disorders such as autoimmune diseases.
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)
Ex. Rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 DM, Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), celiac disease, lymphoma.
Human Anaphy . Human Leukocyte
Ex. Rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 DM, Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), celiac disease, lymphoma.
Human Anaphy. Human Leukocyte
