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PMLS > HEMATOLOGY > Flashcards

HEMATOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific study of blood and its component
Help physicians diagnose abnormalities in the blood

A

Hematology

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1
Q

standard procedure of blood collection using lancets & needles of varying gauges

A

Phlebotomy

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1
Q

Type of puncture: capillaries (lancets)

A

Skin puncture

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1
Q

Type of puncture: veins (needles)

A

Venipuncture

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1
Q

Type of puncture: arteries (needles)

A

Arterial puncture

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2
Q

Not a common practice in the field of hematology. Usually reserved for patients that have difficult veins to extract.
Often performed by physicians.

A

Arterial puncture

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3
Q

The force of ________ will separate the different components of the blood.

A

centrifugation

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3
Q

Plasma

A

Extracellular Fluid

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4
Q

Buffy Coat & Erythrocytes

A

Formed Elements

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5
Q

Buffy Coat

A

Leukocytes & Platelets

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6
Q

55% of whole blood

A

plasma

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7
Q

least dense component

A

plasma

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7
Q

white blood cells

A

leukocytes

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8
Q

platelets

A

thrombocytes

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9
Q

<1% of whole blood

A

Buffy coat

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9
Q

red blood cells

A

erythrocytes

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10
Q

45% of whole blood

A

RBC/ Erythrocytes

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11
Q

most dense component

A

RBC/ Erythrocytes

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12
Q

WBC concentration

A

Neutrophil - 65%
Lymphocyte - 23%
Monocyte - 5%
Eosinophil - 4%
Basophil - 1%

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13
Q

Liquid portion of blood

A

Plasma

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14
Q

H2O in Plasma

A

91.5%

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15
Q

Under Plasma

A

Albumin - 54%
Globulin - 38%
Fibrinogen - 7%

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16
Q

Pale/ Clear yellow liquid- intravascular/ extracellular

A

plasma

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17
Q

Water, sugar, fat, protein and salt solution
55% of a normal human’s blood volume

A

plasma

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18
Q

transports RBC, WBC and platelets through the blood vessels
Remove waste products of metabolism

A

Plasma

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19
Q

Major component of the formed element

A

RBC/ Erythrocyte

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20
Q

anucleated cells produced from the bone marrow

A

RBC

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21
Q

gas transporting protein molecule; gives blood red color

A

Hemoglobin

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22
Q

When hemoglobin mixes with oxygen (color is bright red)

A

Oxyhemoglobin

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23
Q

form of hemoglobin without oxygen. Carries carbon dioxide (blood becomes darker)

A

Deoxyhemoglobin

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24
Q

Bright red

A

Arterial Blood

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25
Q

Dark red

A

Venous Blood

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26
Q

low number of RBCs

A

anemia

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27
Q

high number of RBCs

A

polycythemia

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28
Q

Nucleated cells that lacks haemoglobin

A

WBC (Leukocyte)

29
Q

Acts as defense against infection

A

WBC (Leukocyte)

30
Q

Most numerous
Multi-lobed nucleus
Pale lilac granules

A

NEUTROPHIL

31
Q

WBC: Function: immune defense
protect the body from infection by killing and ingesting bacteria, fungi and foreign bodies

A

NEUTROPHIL

32
Q

Spherical nucleus
“robin’s egg blue” cytoplasm - staining characteristic

A

LYMPHOCYTE

33
Q

3 types of Lymphocyte

A

T-cell
B-cell
NK cells

34
Q

Lymphocyte that acts as cellular immune response; recognizes foreign substances and processes them for removal

A

T-cell

35
Q

kills cancer cells

A

NK cells (Natural Killer)

36
Q

Usually with a bilobed nucleus - staining characteristic
Granules stain bright reddish-orange

A

EOSINOPHIL

37
Q

defense against parasites
Activate allergic response - immune response

A

EOSINOPHIL

38
Q

With purple-blue granules - obscure the nucleus

A

BASOPHIL

39
Q

WBC functions as an Inflammatory response
Involved in allergic response

A

BASOPHIL

40
Q

They will present antigens by digesting the pathogen and place a remnant of the antigen on their surface and present it to lymphocytes for recognition

A

Macrophage

41
Q

Large leukocytes
Kidney-shaped or horse shoe-shaped nucleus

A

MONOCYTE

42
Q

marks out cells that are antigens (foreign bodies) that should be destroyed by lymphocytes

A

Dendritic cell

43
Q

act as antigen-presenting cells
Free wandering - roam around the body to hunt down foreign agents that might have entered our body.
Primary purpose is to engulf, destroy, and phagocytize foreign agents.

A

Macrophage

44
Q

Cell fragments

A

Platelets

45
Q

form clots during injury to prevent blood from leaking out

A

Platelets

45
Q

form clots during injury to prevent blood from leaking out

A

Platelets

46
Q

When you injured yourself, the _______ will aggregate to form a clot, thereby preventing the blood to leak out from the body.

A

Platelets

47
Q

rbc indices

A

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

48
Q

iron-containing oxygen transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells

A

hemoglobin

49
Q

reagent in Cyanmethemoglobin Method

A

Drabkin’s Reagent

50
Q

instrument in Cyanmethemoglobin Method

A

Spectrophotometer (540 nm)

51
Q

measures change in color

A

Spectrophotometer (540 nm)

52
Q

oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric by potassium ferricyanide = methemoglobin
methemoglobin converted to cyanmethemoglobin with cyanide ions

A

Cyanmethemoglobin Method

53
Q

Utilizes cyanmethemoglobin method with
modified Drabkin’s reagent

A

Automated Hemoglobinometry

54
Q

HemoCue method
Modified azidemethemoglobin reaction

A

Point-of-care (POC) Hemoglobin Assay

55
Q

Reagent in Point-of-care (POC) Hemoglobin Assay

A

sodium nitrite and sodium azide

56
Q

Also known as packed cell volume (PCV) or erythrocyte volume fraction (EVF)

A

Hematocrit Determination

57
Q

For evaluation or treatment of anemia and determine presence of nutritional deficiencies

A

Hematocrit Determination

58
Q

Hemoglobin Determination

A

a) Cyanmethemoglobin Method
b) Automated Hemoglobinometry
c) Point-of-care (POC) Hemoglobin Assay

59
Q

Hematocrit Determination

A

a) Spun microhematocrit
b) Automated

60
Q

Manual procedure
Blood collection method: skin puncture
Spin a blood-filled capillary tube using a microhematocrit centrifuge
Spun for about 3-5 mins

A

Spun microhematocrit

61
Q

Computed from the mean cell volume and the red cell count

A

Automated

62
Q

A machine that measures the red area

A

microhematocrit tube reader.

63
Q

Automated Blood Cell Count

A

Electrical Impedance
Optical Detection

64
Q
  • also known as Coulter Principle
  • sizing and counting of particles is based on changes in electrical resistance creating voltage pulses
A

Electrical Impedance

65
Q
  • Hydrodynamic focusing method
  • Uses laser light in cell counting and sizing
A

Optical detection

66
Q

young RBCs without nucleus but still bears cytoplasmic RNA

A

Reticulocytes:

67
Q

Determines how the bone marrow produce and release new RBCs to compensate lost/damaged RBCs

A

Reticulocyte count

68
Q

Rate at which RBCs fall in a column

A

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

69
Q

Non-specific test for inflammation

A

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

70
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: Reference Method

A

Westergren Method

71
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: Anticoagulant

A

sodium citrate

72
Q

required for the blood not to clot, and allow the formed elements to settle at the bottom

A

sodium citrate

73
Q

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate:

A

one hour

74
Q

PLASMA COAGULATION ASSAYS

A

Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)

75
Q

Coagulation testing
Detect abnormalities in hemostasis

A

PLASMA COAGULATION ASSAYS

Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)

76
Q

Anticoagulant: PLASMA COAGULATION ASSAYS

A

sodium citrate

77
Q

initiate blood clotting.

A

Prothrombin

78
Q

Lymphocyte: antibody production. So that foreign agents can easily be killed, trapped, or phagocytized.

A

B-cell

PMLS (12 decks)

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