Microbiology Flashcards
how does influenza present?
fever malaise myalgia headache cough
how is influenza transmitted?
droplets
name some causes of influenza
influenza A
influenza B
parainfluenza viruses
h influenza bacteria
what are some possible complications of influenza?
pneumonia
bronchitis
ottitis media
what can influenza in pregnancy be associated with?
perinatal mortality
prematurity
smaller neonatal size
low birth weight
what is the usual management for influenza?
bed rest
fluids
paracetamol
what antivirals are rarely given for influenza?
olsetamivir
zanamivir
when do influenza epidemics occur?
winter
what virus can rarely cause influenza pandemics?
influenza Ah
how is influenza diagnosed?
PCR
what influenza vaccine is given to adults?
killed vaccine
what influenza vaccine is given to 2-17 year olds?
live attenuated vaccine
given intranasally
name some atypical organisms that can cause CAP
mycoplasma pneumoniae
coxiella burnetii
chlamydia psittaci
what antibiotics can be given for atypical CAP?
tetracyclines and macrolides
how can bronchiolitis present?
fever
coryza
wheeze
cough
how can severe bronchiolitis present?
grunting
reduced PaCO2
intercostal indrawing
what is a possible complication of bronchiolitis?
respiratory and cardiac failure
what is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?
RSV
how is bronchiolitis diagnosed?
PCR on throat/nasal swabs
how is bronchiolitis managed?
supportive care
when do bronchiolitis epidemics occur?
every winter
when is the incidence of metapneumovirus highest?
winter
how does metapneumovirus present?
very similarly to bronchiolitis
how is metapneumovirus diagnosed?
PCR
