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Y1 Respiratory > Interstitial and Occupational Lung Diseases > Flashcards

Interstitial and Occupational Lung Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what is sarcoidosis?

A

type IV hypersensitivity reaction

granulomatous disease of unknown cause

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2
Q

what systems are commonly involved in sarcoidosis?

A 
lungs
lymphatics
joints
liver
skin 
eyes
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3
Q

is sarcoidosis more or less common in smokers?

A

less

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4
Q

how does acute sarcoidosis present?

A 
erythema nodosum
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
arthritis
uveitis 
fever
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5
Q

how does chronic sarcoidosis present?

A

lung + skin infiltrates
peripheral lymphadenopathy
hypercalcaemia

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6
Q

what investigations are done for sarcoidosis?

A

CXR
tissue biopsy
PFTs - restrictive defect
bloods

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7
Q

what abnormal blood results are seen in sarcoidosis?

A

raised calcium

raised inflammatory markers

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8
Q

what blood level can be used as an activity marker in sarcoidosis?

A

ACE levels

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9
Q

how is acute sarcoidosis managed?

A

self limiting

usually no treatment

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10
Q

how is chronic sarcoidosis managed?

A

oral steroids

may need immunosuppression

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11
Q

what follow up should be done for sarcoidosis?

A

CXr + PFT monitoring for several years

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12
Q

what is another name for extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

hypersensitivity pneumonitis

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13
Q

what is hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

a type III hypersensitivity reaction to an antigen, resulting in lymphocytic alveolitis

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14
Q

how does acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis present?

A

coigh
breathlessness
fever
myalgia

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15
Q

what does CXR show in acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

widespread pulmonary infiltrates

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16
Q

how is acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis manages?

A

oxygen
steroids
antigen avoidance

17
Q

name two anti fibrotics

A

pirfenidone

nintedanib

18
Q

how does chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis present?

A

progressive breathlessness and cough

19
Q

what is seen on CXR in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

pulmonary fibross

20
Q

how is chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis managed?

A

remove exposure

oral steroids if breathless

21
Q

what is the most common interstitial lung disease?

A

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

22
Q

how does idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis present?

A

progressive breathlessness and dry cough

23
Q

what may be seen on examination in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A

clubbing

bilateral fine inspiratory crackles

24
Q

what investigations are done for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A

PFTs
CXR
CT

25
Q

how is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis managed?

A

anti-fibrotics to slow profression
oxygen as needed

lung transplant in young

Y1 Respiratory (24 decks)

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