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MicroBiology > MicroBio Q's TF CH3 > Flashcards

MicroBio Q's TF CH3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ch 3

In what way are bacterial and archaeal cells similar?

A

In cellular organization

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2
Q

Ch 3

How are bacterial cells that grow in irregular groups and divide in random planes are characterized as what?

A

Staphylococci

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3
Q

Ch 3

Which characteristics contribute to variation in bacterial and archaeal size and shape?

A

Surface area-to-volume ratio, presence of filamentous structures, and cytoskeletal elements

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4
Q

Ch 3

Describe the layers of bacterial cellular organization (starting internally and working outward)

A

Cytoplasm, plasma membrane, cell wall, and capsule

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5
Q

Ch 3

What is the purpose of the nucleoid in bacterial and archaeal cells?

A

Localization of genetic material

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6
Q

Ch 3

What is the function of the plasma membrane in bacterial cells?

A

To detect and respond to chemicals in the surrounding environment, to provide a selectively permeable barrier, and to facilitate important metabolic processes

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7
Q

Ch 3

How would you best describe the current understanding of the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure?

A

Phospholipid bilayer with peripheral and integral membrane proteins

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8
Q

Ch 3

Why are hopanoids important to bacterial cells?

A

Because they likely provide membrane stability

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9
Q

Ch 3

How would you best describe the bacterial cell wall?

A

It protects the cell from osmotic lysis, contributes to pathogenicity, and site of action of several antibiotics

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10
Q

Ch 3

Most gram-positive bacterial cells exhibit which characteristics?

A

Thick layer of peptidoglycan with teichoic acids and small periplasmic space

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11
Q

Ch 3

Most gram-negative bacterial cells exhibit which characteristics?

A

Thin layer of peptidoglycan without teichoic acids, large periplasmic space, and outer membrane

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12
Q

Ch 3

What is the function of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) on gram-negative bacterial cells?

A

To assist in evading the host immune response, to contribute to the negative charge on the cell surface, and to create a permeability barrier

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13
Q

Ch 3

Why do gram-positive cells stain purple?

A

Because ethanol shrinks the peptidoglycan pores and prevents loss of crystal violet

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14
Q

Ch 3

If bacterial cells treated with lysozyme are placed into a hypotonic solution, what would be the result?

A

The cells would likely swell and lyse

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15
Q

Ch 3

How do slime layers assist bacterial cells?

A

By facilitating motility

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16
Q

Ch 3

What is a unique feature of archaeal cell s-layers?

A

They are located just outside the plasma membrane

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17
Q

Ch 3

Why are archaeal membrane lipids unique?

A

Because they contain branched hydrocarbons derived from isoprene units, they are attached to glycerol by ether links, and they are often composed of C20 diethers and C40 tetraethers

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18
Q

Ch 3

What is the best way to describe the most common archaeal cell wall?

A

S-layer composed of glycoproteins or proteins

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19
Q

Ch 3

How would you best describe the function of the bacterial cytoskeleton?

A

It facilitates cell division, localizes proteins to certain sites in the cell, and determines cell shape

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20
Q

Ch 3

What is the function of ribosome in the bacterial cell?

A

To synthesize proteins

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21
Q

Ch 3

Give a true statement regarding plasmids

A

The replicate autonomously

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22
Q

Ch 3

What is the name of a bacterial cell with flagella spread evenly over the whole surface?

A

Peritrichous

23
Q

Ch 3

What is the primary function of bacterial flagella?

A

Motility

24
Q

Ch 3

How do archaeal flagella differ from bacterial flagella?

A

They are thinner than bacterial flagella, they are composed of multiple subunit types, and their flagellum is solid instead of hollow

25
Q

Ch 3

What is flagellar movement driven by?

A

Proton-motive force

26
Q

Ch 3

Which bacterial movements are type IV pili associated with?

A

Twitching motility

27
Q

Ch 3

What allows for bacterial cells to sense a chemical gradient and respond appropriately?

A

Chemoreceptors

28
Q

Ch 3

What is a true statement regarding bacterial endospores?

A

Endospores survive in nutrient limited conditions

29
Q

Ch 3

Which structure of the endospore contributes to its resistance to heat and other lethal agents?

A

The exporium and spore coat, the inner membrane, and the core

30
Q

Ch 3

What has viviparity been observed in?

A

Epulopscium fishelsoni

31
Q

Ch 3

Pleomorphic cells are variable in shape and lack a single, characteristic form

A

TRUE

32
Q

Ch 3

Larger cells have a greater surface area-to-volume ratio

A

FALSE

33
Q

Ch 3

Bacterial and arachaeal cells share a common cell organization

A

TRUE

34
Q

Ch 3

Peripheral proteins in the plasma membrane are easily removed and comprise up to 30% of membrane proteins

A

TRUE

35
Q

Ch 3

Scientists agree upon all aspects of the fluid mosaic model

A

FALSE

36
Q

Ch 3

At higher temperatures, bacterial phospholipids have more saturated fatty acids

A

TRUE

37
Q

Ch 3

Hopanoids in bacterial cell membranes contribute significantly to the world’s petroleum formation

A

TRUE

38
Q

Ch 3

Peptidoglycan is common to both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cells

A

TRUE

39
Q

Ch 3

Periplasmic space comprises a larger portion (20-40%) of the gram-positive cell wall

A

FALSE

40
Q

Ch 3

The component of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), lipid A, elicits an immune response by an infected host

A

FALSE

41
Q

Ch 3

In the gram staining preocedure, iodine is used to promote dye retention

A

TRUE

42
Q

Ch 3

Capsules are layers outside the cell wall that are well organize and not easily washed off

A

TRUE

43
Q

Ch 3

S-layers are currently being studies for their potential use in the field of nanotechnology

A

TRUE

44
Q

Ch 3

Archaeal membrane lipids are capable of forming pentacyclic rings

A

TRUE

45
Q

Ch 3

Archaeal cell walls have the same chemical composition as bacterial cell walls

A

FALSE

46
Q

Ch 3

Eukaryotic and bacterial cytoskeletons have analogous components

A

TRUE

47
Q

Ch 3

Polyphosphate granules store phosphate in bacterial cells living in nutrient-limited conditions

A

TRUE

48
Q

Ch 3

Archaeal and bacterial ribosomes have the same make up and size

A

FALSE

49
Q

Ch 3

All bacteria have one circular chromosome

A

FALSE

50
Q

Ch 3

Bacteria cells can lose plasmids spontaneously

A

TRUE

51
Q

Ch 3

Type IV pili are involved in bacterial motility and uptake of DNA during transformation

A

TRUE

52
Q

Ch 3

Chemotaxis is best described as random, aimless movement in bacteria and archaea

A

FALSE

53
Q

Ch 3

Endospore position in the sporangium is valuable for identification of some bacterial species

A

TRUE

MicroBiology (18 decks)

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