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MicroBiology > MicroBio Q's TF CH 5 > Flashcards

MicroBio Q's TF CH 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ch 5

The genetic material found in a virion is usually what?

A

Either DNA or RNA

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2
Q

Ch 5

Viral particles are composed of what?

A

DNA or RNA, a coat of protein, and layers of carbohydrates, lipids and additional proteins

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3
Q

Ch 5

What is the best microscopic methods for studying viruses?

A

Electron microscopy

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4
Q

Ch 5

What is the function of the viral capsid?

A

To the protect the viral genome

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5
Q

Ch 5

The Tobacco mosaic virus exhibits which type of capsid symmetry?

A

Helical

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6
Q

Ch 5

An example of a virus that exhibits binal symmetry is known as what?

A

Bacteriophages

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7
Q

Ch 5

Viral spikes or peplomers are involved in what?

A

Attachment

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8
Q

Ch 5

Which structures are associated with the influenza virus?

A

Neuraminidase enzyme, hemagglutinin protein, and glycoproteins

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9
Q

Ch 5

The most common viral nucleic acid types are what?

A

dsDNA and ssRNA

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10
Q

Ch 5

What is the first step in the generalized viral life cycle?

A

Attachment of virus to host cell

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11
Q

Ch 5

What is viral host specificity most likely attributed to?

A

Interaction between receptors on the surface of the host cell and ligands on the surface of virions

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12
Q

Ch 5

Which mechanisms do eukaryotic viruses enter host cells through?

A

Through fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane, entry by endocytosis, and injection of nucleic acid

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13
Q

Ch 5

Which types of viruses must carry their own replication enzymes in their nucleocapsid?

A

RNA viruses only

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14
Q

Ch 5

Where does the energy that is required for bacteriophage assembly come from?

A

Host metabolic activity

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15
Q

Ch 5

What is a common virion release method observed in enveloped viruses?

A

Budding

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16
Q

Ch 5

What is the name of the relationship with the host cell in which the virus remains within the host without destroying it called?

A

Lysogeny

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17
Q

Ch 5

What does an advantage of lysogeny to the host include?

A

Resistance to superinfection

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18
Q

Ch 5

When more phage are present in the environment than there are host cells, which type of host relationship is most desirable?

A

Lysogenic preferred

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19
Q

Ch 5

What are microscopic and/or macroscopic damages to host cells caused by eukaryotic viruses called?

A

Cytopathic effects

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20
Q

Ch 5

What is the name for a type of viral infection in which there is a low release of virions without cell death?

A

Chronic infection

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21
Q

Ch 5

What cellular genes required for normal growth, but when mutated or overexposed, cause carcinogenesis?

A

Proto-oncogenes

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22
Q

Ch 5

Which of the following viruses is NOT definitely linked to causing cancer in humans?

A

Rabies virus

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23
Q

Ch 5

Which methods can be used to cultivate plant viruses?

A

Grow in cultures of plant cells lacking cell walls, mechanically break leaves to expose cells to infection, or graft diseased part onto a healthy plant

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24
Q

Ch 5

What can be used to determine direct counts of viral particles?

A

Epifluorescence microscopy

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25
Q

Ch 5

What is an indirect method of counting animal viruses?

A

Hemagglutination assay

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26
Q

Ch 5

The number of plaque-forming units (PFUs) is calculated from a viral plaque assay by…..?

A

Multiplying the number of plaques per volume by the dilution

27
Q

Ch 5

What is teh dilution taht contains the number of viral cells large enough to destroy 50% of the host cells or organisms called?

A

The lethal dose

28
Q

Ch 5

What are infectious RNAs that primarily infect plants called?

A

Viroids

29
Q

Ch 5

What are infectious proteins responsible for bovine spongiform encephalopathy called?

A

Prions

30
Q

Ch 5

Viruses are considered to be living organisms

A

FALSE

31
Q

Ch 5

Scientists classify viruses based on genome structure, life cycles, morphology, and genetic relatedness

A

TRUE

32
Q

Ch 5

Most viruses are approximately the same size as bacteria (0.2 to 2 micrometers)

A

FALSE

33
Q

Ch 5

Hos-independent growth has never been observed in either the bacterial or archaeal viruses

A

FALSE

34
Q

Ch 5

The size of a helical capsid is influenced by both its protomores and the nucleic acids enclosed within the capsid

A

TRUE

35
Q

Ch 5

The icosohedral capsid maximizes efficiency and requires few genes for its coding

A

TRUE

36
Q

Ch 5

An envelope is present in all viruses

A

FALSE

37
Q

Ch 5

Spikes can be used to identify many types of viruses

A

TRUE

38
Q

Ch 5

All virions lack enzymes

A

FALSE

39
Q

Ch 5

Most DNA viruses use dsDNA as their genetic material

A

TRUE

40
Q

Ch 5

Many RNA viruses have segmented genomes with each segment coding for a protein

A

TRUE

41
Q

Ch 5

Viral attachment to the host cell is a random process

A

FALSE

42
Q

Ch 5

Variation in receptors used by a virus for attachment is partly responsible for host specificity

A

TRUE

43
Q

Ch 5

All viruses inject their nucleic acid into the cytoplasm of their host, leaving the capsid outside and attached to the cell wall

A

FALSE

44
Q

Ch 5

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enters the host cell by fusing directly with the host cell plasma membrane

A

TRUE

45
Q

Ch 5

DNA and RNA viruses replicate using the same processes

A

FALSE

46
Q

Ch 5

Bacteriophages are assembled in the host cytoplasm

A

TRUE

47
Q

Ch 5

All animal viruses are assembled in the cytoplasm

A

FALSE

48
Q

Ch 5

Many nonenveloped viruses lyse their host cells at the end of the intracellular phase

A

TRUE

49
Q

Ch 5

When viral cells are released via budding, the host cell may survive and continue releasing virions for some time

A

TRUE

50
Q

Ch 5

Actin filaments in the cytoskeleton can aid in the release of eukaryotic viruses

A

TRUE

51
Q

Ch 5

Temperate phages must release from the host cell via lysis

A

FALSE

52
Q

Ch 5

Temperate phages can integrate their genome with the host genome

A

TRUE

53
Q

Ch 5

Host cells that are infected with a temperate virus cannot be infected by other virions of the same type

A

TRUE

54
Q

Ch 5

temperate phages can alternate between lysogenic and lytic stages

A

TRUE

55
Q

Ch 5

Lysogeny enables survival of host cells in an environment with low multiplicity of infection (MOI)

A

FALSE

56
Q

Ch 5

A chronic infection is a situation in which a virus slowly releases virions without killing the cell

A

TRUE

57
Q

Ch 5

Most human viruses associated with cancer have dsDNA genomes

A

TRUE

58
Q

Ch 5

Some strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical caner

A

TRUE

59
Q

Ch 5

Tumor activator proteins promote formation of tumors in human dsDNA viruses

A

FALSE

60
Q

Ch 5

Viruses are easily cultivate in agars and broths, much like bacteria

A

FALSE

61
Q

Ch 5

Plaque assays determine viral numbers based on infectivity of the virus

A

TRUE

62
Q

Ch 5

The number of plaque-forming units (PFUs) is equal to the number of viruses because all virions are infective

A

FALSE

63
Q

Ch 5

The infectious dose (ID60) of a virus is the dose that, when given to a number of hosts, causes and infection of 50% of the hosts under particular conditions

A

TRUE

64
Q

Ch 5

Viroids, or infectious RNAs, cause many important plant diseases

A

TRUE

MicroBiology (18 decks)

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