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MicroBiology > MicBo Ch 1 > Flashcards

MicBo Ch 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

MicBo 1

In the latter part of the twentieth century, scientists became increasingly concerned about the threat of infectious diseases. Which of the following is not a reason why the incidence of infectious diseases has risen?

A

Ineffective diagnoses of diseases

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2
Q

MicBo 1

What is the branch of microbiology that involves DNA manipulation in order to create new products and genetically modified organisms?

A

Genetic engineering

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3
Q

MicBo 1

When looking for life on other planets, scientists first look for signs of microbial inhabitation. Which of the following is not a reason why?

A

Microbes prevent the recycling of elements

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4
Q

MicBo 1

The majority of the oxygen in the earth’s atmosphere is derived from processes carried out by what group of microorganisms?

A

Photosynthetic organisms

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5
Q

MicBo 1

In the process of bioremediation, biological agents perform what function?

A

Degrade environmental pollutants

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6
Q

MicBo 1

What is the most effective method for preventing the acquisition of malaria worldwide?

A

Sleep under a bed net

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7
Q

MicBo 1

Many non-infectious diseases have been shown to be associated with chronic infections with certain microorganisms. Which of the following is one of these diseases?

A

Coronary artery disease

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8
Q

MicBo 1

Which of the following is not classified as an emerging disease?

A

polio

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9
Q

MicBo 1

Which of the following statements is true of the prokaryotes?

A

They do not contain a nucleus

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10
Q

MicBo 1

Which of the following statements does not describe viruses?

A

They are more complex than prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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11
Q

MicBo 1

How do the majority of microorganisms exist in nature?

A

As free-living and harmless organisms

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12
Q

MicBo 1

Who is known as the “Father of Bacteriology and Protozoology?”

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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13
Q

MicBo 1

Early scientists explained natural phenomena using several methods. Which of the following is not one of the methods they used?

A

Scientific method

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14
Q

MicBo 1

What is the primary aim of the scientific method?

A

To formulate a hypothesis

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15
Q

MicBo 1

Proponents of spontaneous generation believed what?

A

The theory of abiogenesis

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16
Q

MicBo 1

Whose experiments finally discounted the theory of abiogenesis?

A

Louis Pasteur

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17
Q

MicBo 1

Which of the following statements defines a theory?

A

A collection of statements, propositions, or concepts that explains or accounts for a natural event

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18
Q

MicBo 1

Joseph Lister’s concept of asepsis in the medical setting consisted primarily of what technique?

A

Handwashing

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19
Q

MicBo 1

Which of the following is the smallest in size?

A

Poliovirus

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20
Q

MicBo 1

Robert Koch used what microorganism (and disease it causes) to formulate Koch’s postulates?

A

Bacillus anthracis/Anthrax

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21
Q

MicBo 1

What is the smallest and most specific of the levels of classification?

A

Species

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22
Q

MicBo 1

Which of the following is correct?

A

Vibrio cholera

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23
Q

MicBo 1

What term refers to the degree of evolutionary relatedness between living organisms?

A

Phylogeny

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24
Q

MicBo 1

Which of the following statements regarding evolution is incorrect?

A

Changes that favor survival of an organism or group of organisms are lost

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25
Q

MicBo 1

The analysis of what component has led to the classification of organisms into three domains?

A

rRNA

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26
Q

MicBo 1

Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?

A

Mushroom

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27
Q

MicBo 1

An area of microbiology that is concerened with the occurrence of disease in human populations is

A

epidemiology

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28
Q

MicBo 1

Which process involves the deliberate alteration of an organism’s genetic material?

A

recombinant DNA

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29
Q

MicBo 1

A prominent difference between prokarytoic and eukaryotic cells is the

A

presence of a nucleus in eukaryotes

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30
Q

MicBo 1

Which of the following parts was absent form Leeuwenhoek’s microscope?

A

condenser

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31
Q

MicBo 1

Abiogenesis refers to the

A

spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter

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32
Q

MicBo 1

A hypothesis can be defined as

A

a scientific explanation that is subject to testing

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33
Q

MicBo 1

Which early microbiologist was most responsible for developing standard microbiology laboratory techniques?

A

Robert Koch

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34
Q

MicBo 1

Which scientist is most responsible for fianlly laying the theory of spontaneous generation to rest?

A

Lous Pasteur

35
Q

MicBo 1

When a hypothesis has been throughly supported by long-term study and data, it is considered

A

a theory

36
Q

MicBo 1

Which is the correct order of the taxonomic catergories, going from most specific to most general?

A

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

37
Q

MicBo 1

By defeintion, organisms in the same ________ are more closely related than are those in the same __________.

A

class, phylum

38
Q

MicBo 1

Which of the following are prokaryotic?

A

bacteria and archaea

39
Q

MicBo 1

Which of the following is not an emerging infections disease?

A

common cold

40
Q

MicBo 1

How would you classify a virus?

A

neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic, not cellular & not alive

41
Q

MicBo 1

How old are the oldest organisms on earth said to be?

A

3.5 billion years

42
Q

MicBo 1

How old are prokaryotes?

A

3.5 billion years

43
Q

MicBo 1

How old are eukaryotes?

A

1.8 billion years

44
Q

MicBo 1

Photsynthetic microorganisms account for how much of the earth’s photosynthesis?

A

50%

45
Q

MicBo 1

What % of microbes live in and beneath earth’s crust and contribute to weathering, mineral extraction, and soil formation?

A

50%

46
Q

MicBo 1

Ancient egyptians used what to treat wounds?

A

moldy bread

47
Q

MicBo 1

Recombinant DNA:

A

deliberate alteraion of DNA and switching DNA from one organism to another

48
Q

MicBo 1

Bioremediation:

A

introduciton of microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants

49
Q

MicBo 1

Pathogens are

A

disease causing microbes

50
Q

MicBo 1

How many microbes cause disease?

A

2000+

51
Q

MicBo 1

How many infections are there each year?

A

10 billion

52
Q

MicBo 1

Emerging infectious disease include:

A

Ebola, AIDS, Zoonoses, & SARS

53
Q

MicBo 1

Remerging infectious disease include:

A

TB, Malaria, Cholera, Hepatitis B

54
Q

MicBo 1

Emerging disease is

A

a newly identified disease that is becoming more prominent

55
Q

MicBo 1

Remerging disease is

A

older disease, known for hundreds of years that are increasing in occurrence

56
Q

MicBo 1

More mobile populations

A

cause the spread of infectious disease

57
Q

MicBo 1

Virus are not

A

cells, so they are considered living

58
Q

MicBo 1

Virus

A

begave as infectious particles, and are dependent on host’s cell machinery for their activites

59
Q

MicBo 1

Biogenesis:

A

living things only arise from other living things of their kind

60
Q

MicBo 1

Rise of scientific method helped to disprove

A

abiogenesis

61
Q

MicBo 1

Antonie vanLeeuwenhoek

A

constructed the first useful microsoc

62
Q

MicBo 1

John Tyndall

A

provided evidence that microbes have very high resistance and are very difficult to destroy

63
Q

MicBo 1

Robert Koch

A

clearly linked a specific microbe with a specific disease

64
Q

MicBo 1

Oliver Wendell Holmes

A

observed that mothers giving birth at home were healtheir than those birthing in hospitals

65
Q

MicBo 1

Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis

A

showed that women were becoming ill by physicans that came directly from autospy without washing

66
Q

MicBo 1

Joseph Lister

A

introduced aseptic techniques in medical settings; involved disinfecting hands and air with strong antseptic chemicals (phenol) prior to surgery; later head was added to the sterilization process

67
Q

MicBo 1

Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur

A

are given credit for establishing the Germ Theory of Disease

68
Q

MicBo 1

Carl von Linne’

A

laid down the basic rules for taxonic categories

69
Q

MicBo 1

Taxonomy

A

naming things

70
Q

MicBo 1

Nomenclature

A

process for assigning names

71
Q

MicBo 1

Identification

A

process of determining and recording traits

72
Q

MicBo 1

Bionomical nomenclature

A

two names

73
Q

MicBo 1

Genus is

A

always capitalized

74
Q

MicBo 1

Species is

A

always lower case

75
Q

MicBo 1

Borth Genus and Species should be

A

either underlined of italicized

76
Q

MicBo 1

Phylogeny

A

natural rlatedness between group

77
Q

MicBo 1

Evolution

A

gradual change over millions of years that result in structural and/or functional change: changes that favor survival

78
Q

MicBo 1

Morphology

A

structure

79
Q

MicBo 1

Physiology

A

Function

80
Q

MicBo 1

Genetics

A

inheritance

81
Q

MicBo 1

All new species

A

originate from preexisting species

82
Q

MicBo 1

Microbes include:

A

Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Protozoa, Algae, Helminths (parasitic worms)

83
Q

MicBo 1

Levels of Classification

A
  1. Domain

MicroBiology (18 decks)

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