MicBo Ch 1 Flashcards by Jace ochsenhirt

MicBo 1

In the latter part of the twentieth century, scientists became increasingly concerned about the threat of infectious diseases. Which of the following is not a reason why the incidence of infectious diseases has risen?

Ineffective diagnoses of diseases

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MicBo 1

What is the branch of microbiology that involves DNA manipulation in order to create new products and genetically modified organisms?

Genetic engineering

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MicBo 1

When looking for life on other planets, scientists first look for signs of microbial inhabitation. Which of the following is not a reason why?

Microbes prevent the recycling of elements

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MicBo 1

The majority of the oxygen in the earth’s atmosphere is derived from processes carried out by what group of microorganisms?

Photosynthetic organisms

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MicBo 1

In the process of bioremediation, biological agents perform what function?

Degrade environmental pollutants

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MicBo 1

What is the most effective method for preventing the acquisition of malaria worldwide?

Sleep under a bed net

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MicBo 1

Many non-infectious diseases have been shown to be associated with chronic infections with certain microorganisms. Which of the following is one of these diseases?

Coronary artery disease

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MicBo 1

Which of the following is not classified as an emerging disease?

polio

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MicBo 1

Which of the following statements is true of the prokaryotes?

They do not contain a nucleus

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MicBo 1

Which of the following statements does not describe viruses?

They are more complex than prokaryotes and eukaryotes

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MicBo 1

How do the majority of microorganisms exist in nature?

As free-living and harmless organisms

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MicBo 1

Who is known as the “Father of Bacteriology and Protozoology?”

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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MicBo 1

Early scientists explained natural phenomena using several methods. Which of the following is not one of the methods they used?

Scientific method

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MicBo 1

What is the primary aim of the scientific method?

To formulate a hypothesis

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MicBo 1

Proponents of spontaneous generation believed what?

The theory of abiogenesis

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MicBo 1

Whose experiments finally discounted the theory of abiogenesis?

Louis Pasteur

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MicBo 1

Which of the following statements defines a theory?

A collection of statements, propositions, or concepts that explains or accounts for a natural event

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MicBo 1

Joseph Lister’s concept of asepsis in the medical setting consisted primarily of what technique?

Handwashing

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MicBo 1

Which of the following is the smallest in size?

Poliovirus

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MicBo 1

Robert Koch used what microorganism (and disease it causes) to formulate Koch’s postulates?

Bacillus anthracis/Anthrax

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MicBo 1

What is the smallest and most specific of the levels of classification?

Species

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MicBo 1

Which of the following is correct?

Vibrio cholera

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MicBo 1

What term refers to the degree of evolutionary relatedness between living organisms?

Phylogeny

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MicBo 1

Which of the following statements regarding evolution is incorrect?

Changes that favor survival of an organism or group of organisms are lost

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# MicBo 1 The analysis of what component has led to the classification of organisms into three domains?

rRNA

# MicBo 1 Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?

Mushroom

# MicBo 1 An area of microbiology that is concerened with the occurrence of disease in human populations is

epidemiology

# MicBo 1 Which process involves the deliberate alteration of an organism's genetic material?

recombinant DNA

# MicBo 1 A prominent difference between prokarytoic and eukaryotic cells is the

presence of a nucleus in eukaryotes

# MicBo 1 Which of the following parts was absent form Leeuwenhoek's microscope?

condenser

# MicBo 1 Abiogenesis refers to the

spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter

# MicBo 1 A hypothesis can be defined as

a scientific explanation that is subject to testing

# MicBo 1 Which early microbiologist was most responsible for developing standard microbiology laboratory techniques?

Robert Koch

# MicBo 1 Which scientist is most responsible for fianlly laying the theory of spontaneous generation to rest?

Lous Pasteur

# MicBo 1 When a hypothesis has been throughly supported by long-term study and data, it is considered

a theory

# MicBo 1 Which is the correct order of the taxonomic catergories, going from most specific to most general?

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

# MicBo 1 By defeintion, organisms in the same ________ are more closely related than are those in the same __________.

class, phylum

# MicBo 1 Which of the following are prokaryotic?

bacteria and archaea

# MicBo 1 Which of the following is not an emerging infections disease?

common cold

# MicBo 1 How would you classify a virus?

neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic, not cellular & not alive

# MicBo 1 How old are the oldest organisms on earth said to be?

3.5 billion years

# MicBo 1 How old are prokaryotes?

3.5 billion years

# MicBo 1 How old are eukaryotes?

1.8 billion years

# MicBo 1 Photsynthetic microorganisms account for how much of the earth's photosynthesis?

50%

# MicBo 1 What % of microbes live in and beneath earth's crust and contribute to weathering, mineral extraction, and soil formation?

50%

# MicBo 1 Ancient egyptians used what to treat wounds?

moldy bread

# MicBo 1 Recombinant DNA:

deliberate alteraion of DNA and switching DNA from one organism to another

# MicBo 1 Bioremediation:

introduciton of microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants

# MicBo 1 Pathogens are

disease causing microbes

# MicBo 1 How many microbes cause disease?

2000+

# MicBo 1 How many infections are there each year?

10 billion

# MicBo 1 Emerging infectious disease include:

Ebola, AIDS, Zoonoses, & SARS

# MicBo 1 Remerging infectious disease include:

TB, Malaria, Cholera, Hepatitis B

# MicBo 1 Emerging disease is

a newly identified disease that is becoming more prominent

# MicBo 1 Remerging disease is

older disease, known for hundreds of years that are increasing in occurrence

# MicBo 1 More mobile populations

cause the spread of infectious disease

# MicBo 1 Virus are not

cells, so they are considered living

# MicBo 1 Virus

begave as infectious particles, and are dependent on host's cell machinery for their activites

# MicBo 1 Biogenesis:

living things only arise from other living things of their kind

# MicBo 1 Rise of scientific method helped to disprove

abiogenesis

# MicBo 1 Antonie vanLeeuwenhoek

constructed the first useful microsoc

# MicBo 1 John Tyndall

provided evidence that microbes have very high resistance and are very difficult to destroy

# MicBo 1 Robert Koch

clearly linked a specific microbe with a specific disease

# MicBo 1 Oliver Wendell Holmes

observed that mothers giving birth at home were healtheir than those birthing in hospitals

# MicBo 1 Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis

showed that women were becoming ill by physicans that came directly from autospy without washing

# MicBo 1 Joseph Lister

introduced aseptic techniques in medical settings; involved disinfecting hands and air with strong antseptic chemicals (phenol) prior to surgery; later head was added to the sterilization process

# MicBo 1 Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur

are given credit for establishing the Germ Theory of Disease

# MicBo 1 Carl von Linne'

laid down the basic rules for taxonic categories

# MicBo 1 Taxonomy

naming things

# MicBo 1 Nomenclature

process for assigning names

# MicBo 1 Identification

process of determining and recording traits

# MicBo 1 Bionomical nomenclature

two names

# MicBo 1 Genus is

always capitalized

# MicBo 1 Species is

always lower case

# MicBo 1 Borth Genus and Species should be

either underlined of italicized

# MicBo 1 Phylogeny

natural rlatedness between group

# MicBo 1 Evolution

gradual change over millions of years that result in structural and/or functional change: changes that favor survival

# MicBo 1 Morphology

structure

# MicBo 1 Physiology

Function

# MicBo 1 Genetics

inheritance

# MicBo 1 All new species

originate from preexisting species

# MicBo 1 Microbes include:

Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Protozoa, Algae, Helminths (parasitic worms)

# MicBo 1 Levels of Classification

1. Domain