MicroBio Book Questions CH 1

Question 1

CH 1

Organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus and without compartmentalization are called

Answer 1

Prokaryotes

Question 2

CH 1

Organisms with a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are called

Answer 2

Eukaryotes

Question 3

CH 1

Which of the following scientific advances influenced microbial classification?

Answer 3

(A) Use of electron microscopy to study detailed structures of microbial cells; (B) Determination of the biochemical and physiological characteristics of many microbes; and (C) Sequencing of nucleic acids and proteins from a wide variety of microbes

Question 4

CH 1

Comparison of ribosomal RNA from a variety of organisms led to which of the following classification schemes?

Answer 4

Three-domain

Question 5

CH 1

Which of the following characteristics best describe the Bacteria?

Answer 5

Cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan

Question 6

CH 1

Which of the following characteristics best describe the Archaea?

Answer 6

(A) Usually live in extreme environments; (B) Exhibit unusual metabolic characteristics; and (C) Plasma membrane is composed of unique lipids

Question 7

CH 1

The Domain Eukarya includes which of the following microorganisms?

Answer 7

Protists

Question 8

CH 1

Which of the following is a major type of protist?

Answer 8

(A) Algae; (B) Protozoa; and (C) Slime and water molds

Question 9

CH 1

A diverse group of microorganisms that are multicellular, form hyphae, and absorb nutrients from the environment are called

Answer 9

Fungi

Question 10

CH 1

Viruses require

Answer 10

Host cells to replicate

Question 11

CH 1

_____________ are infectious proteins that cause spongiform encephalopathies such as scrapie and “mad cow disease”.

Answer 11

Prions

Question 12

CH 1

In the scientific method, an educated guess used to explain observations is called

Answer 12

A hypothesis

Question 13

CH 1

Microbiologists consider which of the following to be an important attribute of life?

Answer 13

Reproduction

Question 14

CH 1

The first self-replicating molecule on the primitive Earth was most likely

Answer 14

RNA

Question 15

CH 1

RNA was most likely the first self-replicating molecule because

Answer 15

(A) It can catalyze chemical reactions, (B) It can regulate gene expression; and (C) ATP, the energy currency of the cell, is composed of a ribonucleotide

Question 16

CH 1

The universal phylogenetic tree is constructed from comparisons of which of the following molecules amongst diverse organisms?

Answer 16

SSU rRNA

Question 17

CH 1

According to the universal phylogenetic tree,

Answer 17

The Eukarya and the Archaea are more closely related and evolved from a common ancestor after the Bacteria

Question 18

CH 1

The origin of eukaryotic organelles is best described by

Answer 18

The endosymbiotic hypothesis

Question 19

CH 1

The hydrogen hypothesis describes the evolution of which eukaryotic organelle?

Answer 19

Mitochondria

Question 20

CH 1

A major source of genetic diversity in bacteria is

Answer 20

Horizontal gene transfer

Question 21

CH 1

The traditional biological species concept applied to some eukaryotes is not valid for bacteria because

Answer 21

Bacteria reproduce asexually

Question 22

CH 1

A collection of Bacterial or Archaeal strains that share many stable properties and differ significantly from other groups of strains are known as

Answer 22

Species

Question 23

CH 1

Which of the following are important methods to microbiologists?

Answer 23

(A) Microscopy; (B) Culture techniques; and (C) Genomic analysis

Question 24

CH 1

_____________________ constructed simple microscopes, observed bacteria and protists, and reported his findings to the Royal Society of London.

Answer 24

Antony van Leeuwenhoek

Question 25

CH 1

Which of the following observations by Francesco Redi refutes the idea of spontaneous generation?

Answer 25

Covered pieces of meat did not produce maggots spontaneously

Question 26

CH 1

Which of the following scientists contributed to disproving spontaneous generation?

Answer 26

Francesco Redi

Question 27

CH 1

Which scientist linked silkworm disease with a fungus?

Answer 27

Agostino Bassi

Question 28

CH 1

The processes of heating liquids to destroy undesirable microbes is called

Answer 28

Pasteurization

Question 29

CH 1

_______________ first used phenol in surgery to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds.

Answer 29

Joseph Lister

Question 30

CH 1

Which of the following examples best illustrates Koch’s postulates?

Answer 30

The suspected organisms are isolated and grown in pure culture

Question 31

CH 1

Agar is an ideal solidifying agent for growing bacteria because

Answer 31

(A) It is not broken down by most bacteria; (B) It is in liquid form at 100 degrees Celsius; and (C) It is in a solid form at 50 degrees Celsius

Question 32

CH 1

The first scientists to knowingly use attenuated bacteria in vaccination were

Answer 32

Pasteur and Roux

Question 33

CH 1

A major discovery in the field of immunology was

Answer 33

(A) Injection with attenuated microorganisms provided immunity; (B) Discovery of antibodies; and (C) Discovery of immune system cells

Question 34

CH 1

The discovery that soil bacteria could oxidize iron, sulfur, and ammonia to obtain energy was made by

Answer 34

Sergei Winogradsky

Question 35

CH 1

All the genetic information that an organism contains is called its

Answer 35

Genome

Question 36

CH 1

Molecules made by combining two or more different DNA molecules together are called

Answer 36

Recombinant DNA molecules

Question 37

CH 1

The field of microbiology that studies the spread of communicable disease, detects outbreaks, and implements appropriate control measures is called

Answer 37

Epidemiology

Question 38

CH 1

The field of microbiology that studies the roles of diverse microorganisms in the environment is called

Answer 38

Microbial ecology

Question 39

CH 1

The field of microbiology that researches new uses for microbes and was of culturing and isolating their products is called

Answer 39

Industrial microbiology