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Microbiology > Microbes > Flashcards

Microbes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are microbes measured in?

A

Metric units

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2
Q

What is a micrometre?

A

One millionth of a metre - 1 x 10-6

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3
Q

What is a nanometer?

A

One billionth of a metre - 1 x 10-9

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4
Q

What is the typical size of bacterium?

A

3 micrometres

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5
Q

What is the measurement range of viruses?

A

10 to 300 nanometers

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6
Q

What are the 2 types of cells?

A

Eukaryotes and prokaryotes

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7
Q

What are eukaryotes?

A
  • Complex cells
  • Have a true nucleus and linear genome
  • organelles
  • flexible cell wall
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8
Q

What are prokaryotes?

A
  • always bacteria
  • single cells
  • do not have a nucleus, mitochondria or any other eukaryotic membrane bound organelle
  • rigid cell wall
  • free floating DNA
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9
Q

What is different about fungi?

A

Eukaryotes that have a rigid cell wall due to chitin

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10
Q

What is chitin?

A

A fibrous substance consisting of polysaccharides which generates a hard outer shell or amour in organisms for protection.

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11
Q

What is an organelle?

A

One small part of a cell that has a very specific function or job within a cell

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12
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

A membrane bound organelle that contains genetic material (DNA) of eukaryotic organisms

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13
Q

What are the two types of viruses?

A

Naked and enveloped

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14
Q

Viruses contain?

A

Either DNA or RNA, never both

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15
Q

What makes up a naked virus?

A

Nucleus acid (RNA or DNA) surrounded by capsid (looks like beads)

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16
Q

What is a capsid composed of?

A

Capsomeres

17
Q

What does the size and the shape of the capsid depend on?

A

The amount of DNA or RNA

18
Q

What makes up an enveloped virus?

A

Nucleus acid surrounded by capsid and an additional protein outer called an envelope.

19
Q

What are acellular?

A

Viruses, they have no cell

20
Q

What are cellular?

A

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

21
Q

Cells contain?

A

DNA and RNA inside a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm

22
Q

Viruses contain?

A

An inner core of either DNA or RNA (never both) but no cytoplasm. They have no nucleus.

23
Q

What is Miasma?

A

Bad air or smells, people used to believe this caused illness

24
Q

Who is John Snow?

A

The father of epidemiology

25
Q

Human infections and diseases are caused by?

A

Bacteria, fungi (yeast and moulds), Protozoa, helminths (worms) and viruses.

26
Q

Bacterial cells are called?

A

Prokaryotes

27
Q

Human, fungal and protozoan cells are called?

A

Eukaryotes

28
Q

What are viruses?

A

They are acellular, they are not cells and do not have a nucleus

29
Q

What is microbiology?

A

The study of organisms not visible to the naked eye

30
Q

What are disease causing microorganisms called?

A

Pathogens

31
Q

What are the four types of microorganisms?

A
  • bacteria
  • fungi
  • viruses
  • protozoa

Microbiology (14 decks)

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