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Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

What is the range in length of bacteria?

A

0.2 to 5 micrometers

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2
Q

Bacteria are what type of cells?

A

Prokaryotes

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3
Q

How do you name bacteria?

A

First is the name of the genus (use a capital for first letter)
Second is the name of the species
- either underlined or in italics

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4
Q

What are the 6 parts of a bacterial structure?

A
  • cell wall
  • ribosome
  • plasmid
  • capsule
  • flagella
  • pilus
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5
Q

What are the 3 bacteria shapes?

A
  • rod
  • round
  • spiral
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6
Q

What are rod shaped bacteria called?

A

Bacilli

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7
Q

What are round shaped bacteria called?

A

Cocci

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8
Q

What are spiral shaped bacteria called?

A

Spirillaceae

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9
Q

Two cocci together is called?

A

Diplococci

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10
Q

A chain of cocci is called?

A

Streptococci

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11
Q

A bunch of cocci is called?

A

Staphylococci

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12
Q

Two bacillus together are called?

A

Diplobacilli

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13
Q

A chain of bacilli is called?

A

Streptobacilli

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14
Q

A mix between a rod and round shaped bacillus is called?

A

Coccobacillus

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15
Q

A coma looking spirilli is called?

A

Vibrio

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16
Q

A spiral looking spirilli is called?

A

Spirillum

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17
Q

A wavy shaped spirilli is called?

A

Spirochete

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18
Q

How do bacteria duplicate?

A

Binary fission

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19
Q

What is the process when they duplicate?

A
  • cell elongates and nuclear material duplicates
  • cell wall and plasma membrane begin to divide
  • cross wall forms completely around divided DNA
  • cells seperate
20
Q

Bacterial chromosomes are?

A

In one giant closed loop

21
Q

Bacteria produce asexually, this is called?

22
Q

Bacterial cell walls contain?

A

Peptidoglycan

23
Q

What does peptidoglycan determine?

A

Wether a bacteria is gram positive or gram negative

24
Q

What colour are gram positive bacteria?

25
What colour are gram negative bacteria?
Pink
26
Characteristics of gram positive bacteria?
- easy to kill - thicker peptidoglycan - teichoic acid
27
Characteristics of gram negative bacteria?
- hard to kill - thinner peptidoglycan - lipid rich membrane layers
28
What are the three types of extremophiles?
- thermophile - mesophile - psychrophiles
29
Thermophiles temp range?
45-122 degrees Celsius
30
Mesophiles temp range?
20 to 45 degrees Celsius
31
Psychrophiles temp range?
-15 to 10 degrees Celsius or lower
32
Human pathogens are?
Mesophiles
33
Mycoplasma are?
The smallest free-living organism
34
Mycoplasma lack?
A cell wall, this makes them unique among prokaryotes
35
Because mycoplasma have no cell wall, you can’t?
- do a gram stain on them | - kill them with penicillins
36
Are Rickettsias gram negative or gram positive?
They are gram negative (pink)
37
Can Rickettsias move around?
They are actually obligate intercellular parasites, they have to live inside a eukaryotic cell to survive which means they are non-motile
38
What shape are Rickettsias?
Cocci or sometimes threads
39
How are Rickettsias transmitted?
By biting and sucking insects like ticks, lice and fleas
40
What diseases do Rickettsias cause?
Spotted fevers and typhus
41
What type of bacteria is Chlamydia?
It is an obligate intercellular parasite
42
Can you do a gram stain on Chlamydia?
Gram variable due to cell wall structure
43
How is Chlamydia contracted?
Sexually transmitted disease
44
How do you cure Chlamydia?
1g of Azithromycin
45
How are mycoplasma, Rickettsias and Chlamydia different to other bacteria?
They have a different structure and lifestyle

Microbiology (14 decks)

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