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Microbiology > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the range in length of bacteria?

A

0.2 to 5 micrometers

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2
Q

Bacteria are what type of cells?

A

Prokaryotes

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3
Q

How do you name bacteria?

A

First is the name of the genus (use a capital for first letter)
Second is the name of the species
- either underlined or in italics

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4
Q

What are the 6 parts of a bacterial structure?

A
  • cell wall
  • ribosome
  • plasmid
  • capsule
  • flagella
  • pilus
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5
Q

What are the 3 bacteria shapes?

A
  • rod
  • round
  • spiral
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6
Q

What are rod shaped bacteria called?

A

Bacilli

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7
Q

What are round shaped bacteria called?

A

Cocci

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8
Q

What are spiral shaped bacteria called?

A

Spirillaceae

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9
Q

Two cocci together is called?

A

Diplococci

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10
Q

A chain of cocci is called?

A

Streptococci

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11
Q

A bunch of cocci is called?

A

Staphylococci

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12
Q

Two bacillus together are called?

A

Diplobacilli

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13
Q

A chain of bacilli is called?

A

Streptobacilli

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14
Q

A mix between a rod and round shaped bacillus is called?

A

Coccobacillus

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15
Q

A coma looking spirilli is called?

A

Vibrio

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16
Q

A spiral looking spirilli is called?

A

Spirillum

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17
Q

A wavy shaped spirilli is called?

A

Spirochete

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18
Q

How do bacteria duplicate?

A

Binary fission

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19
Q

What is the process when they duplicate?

A
  • cell elongates and nuclear material duplicates
  • cell wall and plasma membrane begin to divide
  • cross wall forms completely around divided DNA
  • cells seperate
20
Q

Bacterial chromosomes are?

A

In one giant closed loop

21
Q

Bacteria produce asexually, this is called?

A

Haploid

22
Q

Bacterial cell walls contain?

A

Peptidoglycan

23
Q

What does peptidoglycan determine?

A

Wether a bacteria is gram positive or gram negative

24
Q

What colour are gram positive bacteria?

A

Purple

25
Q

What colour are gram negative bacteria?

A

Pink

26
Q

Characteristics of gram positive bacteria?

A
  • easy to kill
  • thicker peptidoglycan
  • teichoic acid
27
Q

Characteristics of gram negative bacteria?

A
  • hard to kill
  • thinner peptidoglycan
  • lipid rich membrane layers
28
Q

What are the three types of extremophiles?

A
  • thermophile
  • mesophile
  • psychrophiles
29
Q

Thermophiles temp range?

A

45-122 degrees Celsius

30
Q

Mesophiles temp range?

A

20 to 45 degrees Celsius

31
Q

Psychrophiles temp range?

A

-15 to 10 degrees Celsius or lower

32
Q

Human pathogens are?

A

Mesophiles

33
Q

Mycoplasma are?

A

The smallest free-living organism

34
Q

Mycoplasma lack?

A

A cell wall, this makes them unique among prokaryotes

35
Q

Because mycoplasma have no cell wall, you can’t?

A
  • do a gram stain on them

- kill them with penicillins

36
Q

Are Rickettsias gram negative or gram positive?

A

They are gram negative (pink)

37
Q

Can Rickettsias move around?

A

They are actually obligate intercellular parasites, they have to live inside a eukaryotic cell to survive which means they are non-motile

38
Q

What shape are Rickettsias?

A

Cocci or sometimes threads

39
Q

How are Rickettsias transmitted?

A

By biting and sucking insects like ticks, lice and fleas

40
Q

What diseases do Rickettsias cause?

A

Spotted fevers and typhus

41
Q

What type of bacteria is Chlamydia?

A

It is an obligate intercellular parasite

42
Q

Can you do a gram stain on Chlamydia?

A

Gram variable due to cell wall structure

43
Q

How is Chlamydia contracted?

A

Sexually transmitted disease

44
Q

How do you cure Chlamydia?

A

1g of Azithromycin

45
Q

How are mycoplasma, Rickettsias and Chlamydia different to other bacteria?

A

They have a different structure and lifestyle

Microbiology (14 decks)

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