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0. Step Ia > Micro - Viruses > Flashcards

Micro - Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

DNA viruses - 3 rules of thumb

A

all dsDNA (except parvovirus, which is ss)

all linear (except papilloma, polyoma (circular, supercoiled), and hepadna- (circular, incomplete))

all non-enveloped (except Herpes-, Hepadna-, which are enveloped)

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2
Q

Herpesviruses - name all

A 
HSV1 (oral)
HSV2 (genital)
HSV3 (VZV)
HSV4 (EBV)
HSV5 (CMV)
HSV6 (Roseola)
HSV8 (Kaposi)

dsDNA, linear, enveloped

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3
Q

herpesvirus that causes Roseola

A

HSV6

dsDNA, linear, enveloped

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4
Q

herpesvirus that causes VZV

A

HSV3

dsDNA, linear, enveloped

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5
Q

herpesvirus that causes EBV

A

HSV4

dsDNA, linear, enveloped

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6
Q

herpesvirus that causes Kaposi

A

HSV8

dsDNA, linear, enveloped

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7
Q

herpesvirus that causes CMV

A

HSV5

dsDNA, linear, enveloped

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8
Q

herpesvirus that causes oral lesions

A

HSV1

dsDNA, linear, enveloped

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9
Q

herpesvirus that causes genital lesions

A

HSV2

dsDNA, linear, enveloped

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10
Q

herpesvirus features

A

Enveloped, dsDNA, linear

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11
Q

hepaDNAvirus - examples + features

A

HBV - enveloped, partially dsDNA and circular

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12
Q

Adenovirus - features

A

dsDNA, linear, non-enveloped

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13
Q

parvovirus - examples + features

A

Parvo B19

no envelope, ssDNA and linear (smallest DNA virus)

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14
Q

papillomavirus - examples + features

A

HPV

no envelope, dsDNA and circular

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15
Q

Polyomavirus - examples + features

A

JC virus
BK virus

no envelope, dsDNA and circular

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16
Q

Poxvirus - examples + features

A

Smallpox
Cowpox
Molluscum contagiosum

enveloped, dsDNA and linear (largest DNA virus)

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17
Q

HSV1 - clinical features (transmission, presentation, treatment)

A

transmission: respiratory droplets, saliva

ORAL (some genital) lesions - swollen gums w/ ulcerative lesions, enlarged tender CERVICAL LN

temporal lobe encephalitis (cowdry type A inclusion)

keratoconjunctivitis

treatment: acyclovir

dsDNA, linear, enveloped

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18
Q

HSV1 - where does it establish latency in?

A

trigeminal ganglia

dsDNA, linear, enveloped

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19
Q

HSV2 - clinical features (transmission, presentation, treatment)

A

sex, perinatally

GENITAL (some oral) lesions

dsDNA, linear, enveloped

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20
Q

HSV3 - clinical features (transmission, presentation, treatment)

A

respiratory secretions

chicken pox (begins on trunk and spreads to face and extremities)

shingles (post-herpetic neuralgia)

both can cause encephalitis, pneumonia

dsDNA, linear, enveloped

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21
Q

HSV3 - where does it establish latency in?

A

DRG or CNV ganglia

dsDNA, linear, enveloped

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22
Q

HSV4 - clinical features (transmission, presentation, diagnosis)

A

EBV

respiratory secretions, saliva

mono (profound fatigue, myalgias, fever, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomeagly, sore throat)

Infects B cells -> cause atypical CD8 T cells ““Downey Cells

Monospot test (+) - heterophile antibodies that agglutinate sheep RBC

dsDNA, linear, enveloped

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23
Q

HSV4 causes two types of malignancies in two different populations

A

Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma (Africa, involves jaw)

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Japan, China, involves nostrils, pharynx, maxillary sinuses)”

dsDNA, linear, enveloped

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24
Q

What is the monospot test used for?

A

distinguish between CMV and EBV, both can cause mono-like sx (profound fatigue, myalgias, fever, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomeagly, sore throat)

EBV/HSV4 = Monospot test (+) heterophile antibodies agglutinate sheep RBC

CMV/HSV5 = Monospot test (-) heterophile antibodies do not agglutinate sheep RBC

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25
HSV5 - clinical features (transmission, presentation, diagnosis)
CMV - transmission: sex, organ transplants - AIDs CD4 <50 - also w/ mono sx (but Monospot test (-)), retinitis/scotoma, interstitial pneumonia - congential - ToRCHHes - sensorineural hearing loss, seizures, petechial rash trmt: gangciclovir dsDNA, linear, enveloped
26
where does CMV establish latency in?
mononuclear cells - see Owl eye inclusions dsDNA, linear, enveloped
27
HSV6 - clinical features (transmission, presentation, diagnosis)
Roseola transmitted via saliva high fevers followed by diffuse macular rash, can cause febrile seizures; affects infants dsDNA, linear, enveloped
28
HSV8 - clinical features (transmission, presentation, diagnosis)
Kaposi transmitted via sex; common in HIV, transplant patients endothelial cell neoplasm -> violaceous, flat nodular skin lesions dsDNA, linear, enveloped
29
Adenovirus - clinical features (transmission, presentation, diagnosis)
pharyngitis, sore throat, pink eye (conjunctivitis) pneumonia, acute hemorrhagic cystitis occurs in small outbreaks among individuals living together in close quarters (military barracks, camp dorms) ø treatment dsDNA, linear, non-enveloped
30
Parvovirus B19 - clinical picture in fetus, children, adults, and sickle cell patients?
fetus: hydrops fetalis children: slapped cheek rash that spreads to the rest of the body adults: anemia + RA-like sx Sickle cell dz: aplastic anemia ssDNA, linear, non-enveloped
31
Papillomavirus - clinical picture
HPV 6/11 = Condyloma acuminata (warts); koilocytes 16/18 = cervical cancer dsDNA, circular, non-enveloped
32
Polyomavirus - clinical picture
JC virus PML in HIV patients; increased risk with Natalizumab BK transplant patients, commonly targets kidney dsDNA, circular, non-enveloped
33
Smallpox
eradicated dsDNA, linear, non-enveloped
34
cowpox
milkmaid blisters dsDNA, linear, non-enveloped
35
Molluscum contagiosum
poxvirus flesh-colored dome lesions w/ umbilicated dimple; common in wrestlers, immunosuppressed dsDNA, linear, non-enveloped
36
RNA viruses - rule of thumbs
all ss (except Reoviridae) all enveloped (except Reo, picorna, hepe, and calici) all circular except (arena, bunya, and delta, which are circular only multi-segmented viruses are: Reo, orthomyxo, arena, and bunya (BOAR) (+) stranded: I went to a retro toga party where I drank flavored corona and ate hippy California pickles (-) sense: Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication
37
Reoviruses - examples + features
Rotavirus - DS RNA linear,10- 12 seg, ø envelope
38
PicoRNAvirus - examples + features
``` Poliovirus Echovirus Rhinovirus Coxsackie virus HAV ``` all ssRNA + linear, ø envelope "PERCH on a Peak" - F/O spread (except Rhino); all can cause aspetic meningitis (except Rhino and HAV)
39
Hepevirus - example + features
HEV - ssRNA + linear, ø envelope
40
Calcivirus - example + features
Norovirus - SSRNA (+) linear, ø envelope
41
Flavivirus - example + features
``` HCV Yellow Fever Dengue St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE) West Nile ``` all SSRNA (+) linear, enveloped
42
Toga virus - example + features
Rubella Eastern Equine Encephalitis Western Equine Encephalitis SSRNA (+) linear, enveloped
43
Retroviruses - example + features
HTLV HIV SSRNA (+) linear, enveloped
44
Corona virus
SSRNA (+) linear, enveloped
45
Orthomyxovirus - example + features
``` Influenza SS RNA (-) linear, 8 seg, enveloped ```
46
Paramyxovirus - example + features
SSRNA (-) linear, , enveloped, all contain surface F (fusion) protein, which causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multi-nucleated cells Parainfluenza RSV Measles Mumps PaRaMyxovirus
47
Rhabdovirus - examples + features
Rabies SSRNA (-) linear, enveloped
48
Filovirus - examples + features
Ebola SSRNA (-) linear, enveloped
49
Arenavirus - examples + features
LCMV Lassa Fever encephalitis SSRNA (-) circular, 2 seg, enveloped
50
Bunyavirus - examples + features
California encephalitis Sandfly/Rift Valley Fever Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever Hantavirus SSRNA (-) circular, 3 seg, enveloped
51
Delta virus - examples + features
HDV SSRNA (-) circular, enveloped
52
Rotavirus - clinical feature +
Reovirus, DSRNA linear,10- 12 seg, ø envelope pediatrics gastroenteritis - esp during winter time in day-care centers Destruction w. atrophy of villi -> incr. Na/K loss -> Right Out The Anus
53
Poliovirus - vaccines
PicoRNAvirus, SSRNA (+) linear, ø envelope "Salk - killed Sabin - live attenuated"
54
Echovirus - clinical features
PicoRNAvirus, SSRNA (+) linear, ø envelope aseptic meningitis (incr. lymphocytes, decr. PMN, normal glucose)
55
Rhinovirus - clinical features
PicoRNAvirus, SSRNA (+) linear, ø envelope common cold, >100 serotypes ACID LABILE (destroyed by stomach acid and therefore does not infect the GI tract unlike the other picoRNAs)
56
Coxsackie virus - clinical features
PicoRNAvirus, SSRNA (+) linear, ø envelope aseptic meningitis, herpangina (mouth blisters, fever) HFMD (vesicular rash on palms and soles, oral mucosa), myocarditis, pericarditis
57
Norovirus - clinical features
Calcivirus, SSRNA (+) linear, ø envelope viral gasteroenteritis
58
Yellow fever - clinical features
Flavivirus SSRNA (+) linear, enveloped arbovirus transmitted via Aedes mosquito reservoir: monkey or humans; transmitted via Aedes mosquito sx: high fever, BLACK VOMIT, jaundice
59
Dengue - features
Flavivirus SSRNA (+) linear, enveloped
60
St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE) - features
Flavivirus SSRNA (+) linear, enveloped
61
West Nile - features
Flavivirus SSRNA (+) linear, enveloped
62
Rubella - clinical features in neonates, children,
Togavirus SSRNA (+) linear, enveloped Congenital: ToRCHHes - blueberry muffin appearance (extramedullary hematopoiesis) Children: - "German Measles" - macular rash - starts on the face and spreads centrifugally downwards (ie only on trunk; not on limbs) fades after 3 days - fever - POST-AURICULAR ADENOPATHY (occipital, posterior cervical) - arthralgias - (-) koplik spots - does NOT appear ill
63
Eastern Equine Encephalitis - features
Toga virus SSRNA (+) linear, enveloped
64
Western Equine Encephalitis - features
Toga virus SSRNA (+) linear, enveloped
65
Corona virus - clinical features
common cold, SARS SSRNA (+) linear, enveloped
66
Influenza - clinical features
Orthomyxovirus SSRNA (-) linear, 8 seg, enveloped HA (entry), NA (release) genetic drift due to minor bp changes genetic shift due to Hfr reassortment ∆s mucociliary function -> incr. risk for superimposed bacterial infections
67
vaccines for influenza
Killed (IM) or Live, attenuated (IN) vaccines Oseltamivir and Zanamivir - both blocks NA to decrease release of progeny
68
role of surface F protein in paramyxoviruses
surface F (fusion) protein - causes respiratory epithelial cells to fuse and form multi-nucleated cells
69
Parainfluenza - clinical features
Paramyxovirus SS RNA (-) linear, surface F protein, enveloped croup "seal-like barking"
70
RSV - clinical features; treatment (2)?
Paramyxovirus SSRNA (-) linear, surface F protein, enveloped bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants Ribavirin - guanosine analog Palivizumab (mAb F protein) prevents pneumonia in preemies"
71
Measles - clinical features; treatment?
Paramyxovirus SSRNA (-) linear, surface F protein, enveloped "3C's: Cough, Coryza (rhinitis), Conjunctivitis macular-papular erythematous rash begins on face and migrates downwards to feet (includes limbs) (+) koplik spots (bright red spots w. blue-white center on buccal mucosa that precedes rash by 1-2d) very ill Possible sequelae: SSPE (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis), encephalitis, giant cell pneumonia " Vit A - prevent severe exfoliative dermatitis in malnourished children
72
Mumps - clinical features
Paramyxovirus SSRNA (-) linear, surface F protein, enveloped Body parts = pom-POMS: Parotitis, Orchitis, aspetic Meningitis, Sterility
73
How does German measles and measles differ?
"German Measles"/Rubella - macular rash - starts on the face and spreads centrifugally downwards (ie only on trunk; not on limbs) fades after 3 days - (-) koplik spots - does NOT appear ill - POST-AURICULAR ADENOPATHY (occipital, posterior cervical) - arthralgias - fever Measles - macular-papular erythematous rash begins on face and migrates downwards to feet (includes limbs) - (+) koplik spots (bright red spots w. blue-white center on buccal mucosa that precedes rash by 1-2d) - very ill
74
Rabies - clinical features + treatment?
Rhabdovirus SSRNA (-) linear, bullet shaped virus, enveloped common in bat, raccoon, skunk (US), dogs (worldwide) travels to CNS via retrograde migration up nerve axons; forms Negri bodies in purkinje cells of cerebellum and hippocampus long incubation pd. (wks-mo) before onset of sx (fever, malaise, extreme agitation, photophobia, hydrophobia, paralysis, coma -> death) trmt: clean wound + vaccination + rabies Ig
75
Ebola - clinical features
Filovirus SS RNA (-) linear, enveloped Marburg hemorrhagic fever - fatal
76
LCMV lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus - features
Arenavirus SSRNA (-) circular, 2 seg, enveloped
77
Lassa Fever encephalitis - features
Arenavirus SSRNA (-) circular, 2 seg, enveloped spread via mice
78
California encephalitis
Bunyavirus SSRNA (-) circular, 3 seg, enveloped
79
Sandfly/Rift Valley Fever
Bunyavirus SSRNA (-) circular, 3 seg, enveloped
80
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
Bunyavirus SS RNA (-) circular, 3 seg, enveloped
81
Hantavirus
Bunyavirus SSRNA (-) circular, 3 seg, enveloped hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia
82
HAV - features
PicoRNAvirus | SS (+) RNA linear icosahedral, ø enveloped
83
HBV - features
HepaDNAvirus | dsDNA (circular, incomplete), enveloped
84
HCV- features
Flavivirus | SS (+) RNA linear icosahedral, enveloped
85
HDV- features
Delta virus | SS (-) RNA, circular, enveloped
86
HEV- features
Calcivirus | SS (+) RNA linear icosahedral, ø enveloped
87
HAV - transmission - clinical features (Incubation pd, Carrier state, HCC risk) - clinical picture
Transmission: F/O clinical features (Incubation pd, Carrier state, HCC risk): short, ø, ø Clinical picture: Asymptomatic (usually), Acute hepatitis, Alone remember that it is a PicoRNAvirus SS (+) RNA linear icosahedral, ø enveloped
88
HBV - transmission - clinical features (Incubation pd, Carrier state, HCC risk) - clinical picture
transmissioN: parenteral, sexual, maternal/fetal Incubation pd, Carrier state, HCC risk: long, yes, yes DNA polymerase also has RT activity (polymerase completes the partial dsDNA -> host RNA-polymerase transcribe mRNA from it -> viral RT reverse transcribes viral RNA to DNA -> new viral particles forms and can integrate into host genome and act as an oncogene remember that it is a HepaDNAvirus dsDNA (circular, incomplete), enveloped
89
order at which antigens /antibodies appear in HBV?
SECES: SE = antigens; CES = antibodies
90
histological features of HBV?
acute hx: ballooning degeneration of hepatocyte and lymphocytic infiltrate chronic hx: ground glass hepatocytes
91
HCV - transmission - clinical features (Incubation pd, Carrier state, HCC risk) - clinical picture
Transmission: IVDU, post transfusion Incubation pd, Carrier state, HCC risk: long, yes, yes Features: Chronic, Cirrhosis, Carcinoma, Carrier remember that it is a Flavivirus, SS (+) RNA linear icosahedral, enveloped
92
HDV - transmission - clinical features (Incubation pd, Carrier state, HCC risk) - clinical picture
Transmission: Parenteral, sexual, maternal/fetal transmission Incubation pd, Carrier state, HCC risk: short/long, yes, yes features: defective virus - requires HBV coinfection (long) or superinfection (short, but bad prognosis) remember that it is a Delta virus, SS (-) RNA, circular, enveloped
93
HEV - transmission - clinical features (Incubation pd, Carrier state, HCC risk) - clinical picture
transmission: F/O Incubation pd, Carrier state, HCC risk: short, ø, ø Features - high mortality in pregnant women Enteric, Expectant, Epidemics (waterborne) remember that it is a Calcivirus, SS (+) RNA linear icosahedral, ø enveloped
94
rule of thumb about non-enveloped viruses?
ø envelope = ø destruction by gut
95
cowdry type A inclusions
HSV1 - oral
96
Downey cells
HSV4 - EBV
97
Owl eye inclusions
HSV5 - CMV
98
Koilocytes
HPV
99
Negri bodies
Rhabdovirus - rabies
100
DNA viruses - all dsDNA except
parvovirus, which is ssDNA
101
DNA viruses - all linear except
papilloma, polyoma (circular, supercoiled), and hepadna- (circular, incomplete)
102
DNA viruses - all non-enveloped except
Herpes-, Hepadna-, which are enveloped
103
RNA viruses - all ss except
Reoviridae (rotavirus)
104
RNA viruses - all enveloped except
calici hepe Reo picorna (remember CHiRP on a PERCH is an easy target b/c it's not enveloped)
105
RNA viruses - all linaer except
bunya, arena, delta, which are circular "It's not BAD to be well-ROUNDED"
106
RNA viruses - only multi-segmented ones
Reo, orthomyxo, arena, and bunya BOAR are complicated creatures
107
RNA viruses (+) sense only
(+) stranded: HIPpy RETRO TOGA party with FLAVored CORONA and CALIfornia PICkles, and real (+) vibes ``` Hepevirus RetroRNA Togavirus Flavivirus Coronavirus Calcivirus PicoRNAvirus ```
108
RNA viruses (-) sense only
(-) stranded: Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication ``` Arenavirus Bunya virus Paramyxovirus Orthomyxovirus Filovirus Rhabdovirus ```

0. Step Ia (28 decks)

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