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0. Step Ia > FA - Classic/Relevant Treatments > Flashcards

FA - Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards

1
Q

Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide (1st line)

Valproate (2nd line)

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2
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine (inhibits PMN chemotaxis along microtubules)

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3
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

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4
Q

ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, amphetamines

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5
Q

Alcohol use disorder

A

AA + disulfiram, naltrexone, or acamprosate (NDMA blocker & GABA-A agonist) for patient. Al- Anon for patient’s family

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6
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Benzodiazepines

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7
Q

Anorexia

A

Nutrition, psychotherapy

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8
Q

Anticoagulation for use during pregnancy

A

Heparin

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9
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)

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10
Q

B12 deficiency

A

Vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause with Schilling test)

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11
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Tamsulosin (alpha1 blocker), finasteride (5a reductase inh)

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12
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine (mood stabilizers)

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13
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

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14
Q

Buerger disease

A

Smoking cessation

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15
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

SSRIs

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16
Q

Candida albicans

A

Amphotericin B (systemic)
nystatin (oral thrush)
Azoles (vaginitis)

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17
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Octreotide

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18
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea confection)

erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

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19
Q

Chronic gout

A

Probenecid (underexcretor)
Allopurinol (overproducer)
Febuxostat

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20
Q

Chronic hepatitis

A

IFN-α

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21
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

A

Imatinib

Aleumtuzumab (anti-CD52)

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22
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin

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23
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

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24
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam

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25
CMV
Ganciclovir
26
Crohn disease
Corticosteroids, infliximab, methotrexate, azathioprine
27
Cryptococcus neoformans
amphotericin B + Flucytosine (5FC) + Fluconazole for 6 wks | Fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)
28
Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis
Mesna
29
Depression
SSRIs (first-line)
30
Diabetes insipidus
DDAVP (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)
31
Diabetes mellitus type 1
Diet ∆ (low sugar) + insulin
32
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Diet ∆, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)
33
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Fluids, insulin, K+
34
Enterococci
Vancomycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside
35
Erectile dysfunction
Sildenafil, vardenafil
36
ER (+) breast cancer
Tamoxifen
37
Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication
Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)
38
``` Haemophilus influenzae (B) prophylaxis? treatment? ```
Prophylaxis: Rifampin (prophylaxis) treatment: Ampicillin
39
Generalized anxiety disorder
Buspirone
40
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)
Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids
41
Heparin toxicity (acute)
Protamine sulfate
42
HER2/neu (+) breast cancer
Trastuzumab
43
Hyperaldosteronism
Spironolactone
44
Hypercholesterolemia
Statin (first-line)
45
Hypertriglyceridemia
Fibrate
46
Immediate anticoagulation
Heparin
47
Infertility
Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene
48
Influenza
Rimantadine, oseltamivir
49
Legionella pneumophila
Erythromycin
50
Long-term anticoagulation
Warfarin
51
Malaria
Chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)
52
Malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene - muscle relaxant
53
Medical abortion
Mifepristone
54
Migraine
Sumatriptan
55
MRSA
Vancomycin
56
Multiple sclerosis
IFNβ, immunosuppression, natalizumab
57
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
RIPE (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)
58
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)
59
Neisseria meningitidis treatment? prophylaxis?
Treatment: ceftriaxone or pencillin Prophylaxis: rifampin
60
Neural tube defect prevention
Prenatal folic acid
61
Osteomalacia/rickets
Vitamin D supplementation
62
Osteoporosis
Bisphosphonates; calcium and vitamin D supplementation
63
Patent ductus arteriosus
Indomethacin
64
Pheochromocytoma
α-antagonists (phenoxybenzamine, irreversible)
65
Pneumocystis jirovecii
TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)
66
Prolactinoma
Bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)
67
Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids
Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)
68
Prostate carcinoma
Flutamide
69
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside
70
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)
Sildenafil bosentan (endothelin receptor antagonist) epoprostenol (prostacyclin)
71
Rickettsia rickettsii
Doxycycline, chloramphenicol (associated with aplastic anemia)
72
Ringworm infections
Terbinafine, griseofulvin, imidazole
73
Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)
5-HT2A antagonists (e.g., 2nd-generation antipsychotics)
74
Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)
D2 receptor antagonists (e.g., 1st- and 2nd-generation antipsychotics)
75
SIADH
Demeclocycline, lithium, vasopressin receptor antagonists
76
Sickle cell anemia
Hydroxyurea (incr fetal hemoglobin)
77
Sporothrix schenckii
Oral potassium iodide
78
Stable angina Unstable angina Angina prophylaxis
stable: NTG Unstable; GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors (abciximab, epifibatide, tirofiban) cilostazol, dipyridamole
79
Staphylococcus aureus
MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins) MRSA: vancomycin
80
Streptococcus bovis
Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis
81
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)
82
Streptococcus pyogenes
Penicillin prophylaxis
83
Temporal arteritis
High-dose steroids
84
Tonic-clonic seizures
Phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
85
Toxoplasma gondii
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
86
Treponema pallidum
Penicillin
87
Trichomonas vaginalis
Metronidazole (patient and partner)
88
Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)
Carbamazepine
89
Ulcerative colitis
5-ASA, infliximab, colectomy
90
UTI prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
91
Warfarin toxicity
Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (chronic)
92
Nesiritide
BNP (recombinant); used for treatment of heart failure
93
maintain PDA patency
PGE analog (alprostadil)
94
promote PDA closure
indomethacin
95
Torsades de pointes
MgSO4
96
Melanoa V600E
Vemurafenib - BRAF kinase inhibitor
97
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
eculizumab - selectively targets and inhibits the terminal portion of the complement cascade, which prevents the generation of the terminal complement complex C5b-9
98
Mother who is Rh- who develops anti-Rh IgG during her first pregnancy is pregnant again with a fetus that is Rh+. What should you do?
Rho(D) IgG
99
sideroblastic anemia due to defect in ALAS
pyridoxine B6 - cofactor for ALAS
100
Orotic aciduria
uridine monophosphate to bypass mutated enzyme
101
aplastic anemia
``` withdraw offending agent allogenic BM transplant RBC/platelet transfusion G-CSF GM-CSF ```
102
hereditary spherocytosis
splectomy
103
acute intermittent porphyria
deficient porphobilinogen deaminase | treat w/ glucose + heme, which inhibits ALAS
104
treatment for vWF disease
DDVAP - causes release of vWF in stored endothelium
105
hairy cell leukemia
cladribine 2-CDA - adenosine analog (inhibits adenosine deaminase)
106
Acute myelogenous leukemia
All-trans retinoic acid (vit A)
107
chronic myelogenous leukemia
imatinib - inhibits bcr-abl tyrosine kinase | also busulfan
108
polycythemia vera
phlebotomy
109
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
lepirudin/bivalirudin - thrombin inhibitors (prevents further clots from forming); can also be used instead of heparin for HIT patients
110
Pulmonary Embolism - acute management - long-term prophylaxis
acute - heparin | prophylaxis - warfarin (or rivaroxaban)
111
Stroke prevention in patients with a-fib
apixaban, rivaroxaban - binds directly and inhibits activity of factor Xa
112
stroke
alteplase (anything with "teplase")
113
alteplase OD
``` aminocaproic acid (inhibitor of fibrinolysis) Fresh frozen plasma + cryoprecipitate ```
114
prevent clots from forming in coronary stents
clopidogrel, ticlopidine, prasurgrel, ticagrelor
115
treatment for intermittent claudication
cilostazol, dipyridamole - phosphodiesterase III inhibitor - increase cAMP in platelets -> inhibits aggregation
116
5-FU overdose
uridine
117
prevent cardiotoxicity caused by doxorubicin/daunorubicin
Dexrazoxane - Fe chelating agent
118
Glioblastoma multiforme
nitrosoureas - carmustine, lomustine, semustine, stretozocin (can cross BBB)
119
drug to ablate patients' bone marrow prior to BM transplant
busulfan
120
prevent nephrotoxicity from cisplatin, carboplatin
amifostine (free radical scavenger) chloride diuresis
121
Amphetamines OD
NH4Cl
122
Lead OD
Lead: EdtA** Dimercaprol Succimer
123
Acetaminophen OD
N-acetylcysteine - binds to toxic metabolite (NAQPI) - also provides sulfhydryl groups to enhance elimination - replenishes glutathione
124
ß blocker OD
glucagon - acts on GPCR to increase cAMP, thereby releasing intracellular Ca -> increases contractility + HR; improves within minutes
125
Salicylates OD
NaHCO3/alkalinize urine to increase excretion gastric decontamination (pump) correct fluid/electrolyte imbalance
126
Benzodiazepines OD
Flumazenil (GABAa antagonist)
127
Digoxin OD - 3
Anti-dig Fab fragments Mg2+ Normalize K+ slowly
128
carbon monoxide poisoning
100% hyperbaric O2
129
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors OD
Atropine and pralidoxime (2-PAM)
130
Heparin OD
protamine sulfate
131
Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze) OD
Fomepizole (1st-line), ethanol, dialysis
132
TCAs OD - arrhythmias
NaHCO3
133
Opioids OD
Naloxone/naltrexone - both opioid antagonists
134
organophosphates OD
``` Atropine pralidoxime (2-PAM) ```
135
Iron OD
Deferoxamine, deferasirox
136
Cyanide OD
Amyl Nitrite** thiosulfate hydroxocobalamin
137
Copper, arsenic, gold OD
Penicillamine
138
Theophylline OD
β-blocker
139
Methemoglobin OD
Methylene blue (reducing agent that converts iron in heme from Fe3+ -> Fe2+, vitamin C
140
Mercury, arsenic, gold OD
Dimercaprol (BAL), succimer
141
Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents OD
physostigmine (AChE inhibitor)
142
post-op or neurogenic ileus
bethanecol or neostigmine
143
myasthenia gravis
pyridostigmine (long-acting) or neostigmine
144
atropine OD
physostigmine
145
Alzheimer's
Donepezil Rivastigmine Galantime
146
Parkinson's
Benztropine
147
Motion Sickness
Scopolamine
148
COPD
Ipratropium, Tiotropium
149
reduce urgency in mild cystitis/ reduce bladder spasm
oxybutynin
150
Preop to reduce airway secretions
glycopyrrolate
151
person on MAOi who ate wine/cheese
phentolamine (reversible)
152
drug for sweat test in CF patients
pilocarpine
153
drug for asthma test
methacholine
154
drug to diagnose myasthenia gravis
edrophonium
155
severe galactosemia
exclude galactose + lactose
156
Von Gierke
frequent oral glucose + starch | avoid fructose + galactose
157
fructose intolerance
decrease sugar intake (glucose + fructose + sucrose)
158
Pyruvate DH malfunctioning (mutation or due to arsenic)
increase fat + lysine + leucine
159
Hyperammonemia due to urea cycle enzyme deficiency - 4
decrease protein in diet benzoate + phenylbutyrate lactulose
160
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
restrict proteins
161
Orotic aciduria
uridine (inhibits CPS II)
162
Lesch Nyhan
allopurinol | Febuxostat
163
Gout - acute attack
colchicine (blocks PMN chemotaxis by affecting microtubules) probenecid - only for patients w/ good renal function
164
Porphobilinogen deaminase
glucose + heme (inhibits ALAS)
165
maple syrup urine disease
decrease isoleucine, leucine, valine | increase thiamine
166
homocystinuria
pyridoxine (B6)
167
nitroprusside OD
Sodium thiosulfate (sulfur) since Nitroprusside is initially metabolized to cyanide)
168
Conn syndrome (hyperaldosteronism)
Spironolactone or Eplerenone (fewer ADR) - both aldosterone antagonists
169
partial seizures (simple + complex)
carbamazepine
170
myoclonic seizures
valproic acid
171
Tourette Syndrome
Haloperidol
172
serotonin syndrome
Cyproheptadine - antihistamine w/ anti-serotonergic properties
173
Psychosis
Haloperidol
174
ascites secondary to cirrhosis
furosemide + spironolactone
175
hepatic encephalopathy
lactulose
176
Wilson's disease
``` penicillamine chelation (removes excess copper from tissues) Trientine ```
177
hemochromatosis Multiple blood transfusions Iron poisoning etc
deferoxamine - chelating agent
178
hepatic adenomas
discontinuation of oral contraceptives or anabolic steroid use
179
barbituates OD - CNS depression
supportive - gastric pump - decrease gastric absorption - forced alkaline diuresis (diuretic + urinary alkalinization)
180
salicylate OD
supportive, gastric pump, decrease gastric absorption | forced alkaline diuresis (diuretic + urinary alkalinization)
181
initial treatment for septic arthritis (while waiting for lab results)
ceftriaxone (usually due to gonococcus)
182
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
dantrolene or D2 agonist) o
183
esophageal varices rupture
endoscopic ligation AND octreotide (somatostatin analog - inhibits release of vasodilator hormones, resulting in splanchnic vasoconstriction)
184
High LDL (hypercholesterolemia)
Statin + Ezetimibe (LC-ES)
185
High TG (hypertriglyceridemia)
Statins + Fibrates (TSF)
186
Low HDL
Niacin
187
Inflammatory traveler's diarrhea
ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone)
188
Ascaris, Enterobius, Ancycostoma
Mebendazole
189
Echinococcus granulosus (tapeworm)
Albendazole
190
Campylobacter jejeni
Erythromycin
191
Giardia lamblia
Metronidazole
192
diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Amytriptyline (TCA) *more common* | duloxetine (SSRI)

0. Step Ia (28 decks)

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