FA - Key Associations Flashcards
1
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis
A
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (increase intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
3
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
Skip lesions (Crohn disease)
5
Q
Aneurysm, dissecting
A
hypertension
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
A
Atherosclerosis
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, arch
A
3° syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
8
Q
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
A
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
9
Q
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusi
10
Q
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
11
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
A
H. pylori
12
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
13
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
A
Newborns: Group B streptococcus, E.coli
Kids: S. pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis
14
Q
Benign melanocytic nevus
A
Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)
15
Q
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
16
Q
Brain tumor (adults)
A
Supratentorial:
metastasis >
astrocytoma (including GBM) > meningioma >
schwannoma
MaMs
17
Q
Brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial:
medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or
supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
18
Q
Breast cancer
A
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
19
Q
Breast mass
A
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
20
Q
Breast tumor (benign)
A
Fibroadenoma
21
Q
Cardiac 1° tumor (kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
22
Q
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
23
Q
Cardiac tumor (adults)
A
Metastasis, 1° myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve”)
24
Q
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
Chiari II malformation
25
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
26
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
DES is a synthetic estrogen that used to be given to women prevent miscarriage, premature labor, and related complications of pregnancy.
28
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis
| type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman
29
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
30
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
31
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
32
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world)
| SLE (developed world)
33
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
34
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
35
Cushing syndrome
36
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of great vessels
Truncus arteriosus
37
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
38
Death in CML
Blast crisis
39
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
40
Dementia
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts
41
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
42
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
43
Dietary deficit
Iron
44
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
45
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
46
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (U.S.)
47
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus, B. cereus
48
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
49
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.)
cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
50
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
51
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
52
Helminth infection (U.S.)
Enterobius vermicularis
| Ascaris lumbricoides
53
Hematoma—epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
54
Hematoma—subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
55
Hemochromatosis
- Multiple blood transfusions
| - Hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, “bronze diabetes,” and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
56
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
57
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
58
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
59
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis
60
HLA-DR3 or -DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
61
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
62
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)
63
Hypertension, 2°
Renal disease
64
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
65
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
66
Infection 2° to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
67
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)
68
Intellectual disability
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
69
Kidney stones
Calcium = radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease +
organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
Uric acid = radiolucent
70
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left --> right becomes right --> left)
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; result in pulmonary HTN and polycythemia)
71
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
72
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
73
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
74
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
75
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
76
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
77
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI
78
Metastases to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
79
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
80
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
81
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
82
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
83
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
84
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
85
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
86
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
87
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
88
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
89
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
90
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus
91
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
92
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
93
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
94
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
95
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
96
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
97
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
98
Patient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML
ALL: child
CLL: adult > 60
AML: adult ∼ 65
CML: adult 30–60
99
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
100
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
101
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic “acidophilic” adenoma
102
1° amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45,XO)
103
1° bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
104
1° hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
105
1° hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
106
1° liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency)
107
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
108
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
109
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with VHL and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
110
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
111
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
increased ventricular filling (left-to-right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
112
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
113
2° hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
114
Sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
115
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
116
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
117
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
118
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
119
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
120
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
121
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)
122
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
123
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
124
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
125
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
126
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
127
Tumor of infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
128
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
129
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
130
Type of Hodgkin
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
131
Type of non-Hodgkin
Diffuse large cell
132
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
133
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
134
Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
135
acanthocyte
liver dz, aß-lipoproteinemia (cholesterol dysregulation)
136
basophilic stippling
ACD, OH abuse, lead poisioning, thalassemia
137
bite cell
g6pd deficiency
138
elliptocyte
hereditary elliptocytosis
139
macro-ovalocyte
megaloblastic anemia, marrow failure
140
ringed sideroblast
sideroblastic anemia, excess Fe
141
schistocyte, helmet cell
DIC, TTP/HUS, traumatic hemolysis (mechanical heart valve)
| microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
142
spherocyte
hereditary spherocytosis
143
teardrop
myelofibrosis
144
target
HbC
asplenia
liver dz
thalassemia
"HALT" said the hunter to his target
145
heinz bodies
g6pD
146
howell-jolly bodies
hyposplenia/asplenia (ie sickle cell)
147
NT ∆'s with alzheimer's dz
decr. ACh
148
NT ∆'s with anxiety
incr. NE
| decr. GABA, 5HT
149
NT ∆'s with depression
decr. NE, 5HT, dopamine
150
NT ∆'s with huntingtons
incr. dopamine
| decr. GABA, ACh
151
NT ∆'s with Parkinson's
incr. ACh, 5HT
| decr. dopamine
152
NT ∆'s with schizophrenia
incr. dopamine
153
22q11 syndrome cardiac findings
truncus arteriosus, tet. of fallot
154
cardiac findings in down syndrome
asd, vsd, av septal defect (endocardial cushions)
155
cardiac findings in congenital rubella
septal defects, pda, pulmonary artery stenosis
156
cardiac findings in turner syndrome
bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation (pre-ductal)
157
cardiac findings in marfans
MVP, aortic aneurysm + dissection, aortic regurg
158
cardiac findings in infant of diabetic mother
transposition of the great vessels
159
ECG in anterior wall (LAD)
V1-V4
160
ECG in anteroseptal (LAD)
V1-V2
161
ECG in anterolateral (LAD, LCX)
V4-V6
162
Lateral wall (LCX)
I, aVL
163
Inferior wall (RCA)
II, III, aVF
164
ß blocker OD remedy
glucagon
