Micro - Virology (Overview of RNA viruses) Flashcards
Pg. 161-162 in First Aid 2014 Pg. 158-159 in First Aid 2013 Sections include: -RNA viruses -Negative-stranded viruses -Segemented viruses
Name the 15 RNA viruses.
(1) Reoviruses (2) Picornaviruses (3) Hepeviruses (4) Calciviruses (5) Flaviviruses (6) Togaviruses (7) Retroviruses (8) Coronaviruses (9) Orthomyxoviruses (10) Paramyxoviruses (11) Rhabdoviruses (12) Filoviruses (13) Arenaviruses (14) Bunyaviruses (15) Delta virus
What are the RNA viruses that do NOT have envelopes (i.e., naked RNA viruses)?
(1) Reoviruses (2) Picornaviruses (3) Hepevirus (4) Calciviruses
What are the only RNA viruses with double stranded RNA?
Reoviruses
Provide the following information for Reoviruses: (1) Envelope? (2) RNA structure (3) Capsid symmetry.
(1) No (2) DS linear (10-12 segments) (3) Icosahedral (double)
Provide the following information for Picornaviruses: (1) Envelope? (2) RNA structure (3) Capsid symmetry.
(1) No (2) SS + linear (3) Icosahedral
Provide the following information for Hepevirus: (1) Envelope? (2) RNA structure (3) Capsid symmetry.
(1) No (2) SS + linear (3) Icosahedral
Provide the following information for Calciviruses: (1) Envelope? (2) RNA structure (3) Capsid symmetry.
(1) No (2) SS + linear (3) Icosahedral
What are the RNA viruses with an RNA structure of SS (-) linear?
(1) Orthomyxoviruses (2) Paramyxoviruses (3) Rhadoviruses (4) Filoviruses
What are the RNA viruses with an RNA structure of SS (-) circular?
(1) Arenaviruses (2) Bunyaviruses (3) Delta virus
What are the RNA viruses with an RNA structure of SS + linear?
(1) Picornaviruses (2) Hepevirus (3) Calciviruses (4) Flaviviruses (5) Togaviruses (6) Retroviruses (7) Coronaviruses
Provide the following information for Flaviviruses: (1) Envelope? (2) RNA structure (3) Capsid symmetry.
(1) Yes (2) SS + linear (3) Icosahedral
Provide the following information for Togaviruses: (1) Envelope? (2) RNA structure (3) Capsid symmetry.
(1) Yes (2) SS + linear (3) Icosahedral
Provide the following information for Retroviruses: (1) Envelope? (2) RNA structure (3) Capsid symmetry.
(1) Yes (2) SS + linear (3) Icosahedral (HTLV), Complex and Conical (HIV)
Provide the following information for Coronaviruses: (1) Envelope? (2) RNA structure (3) Capsid symmetry.
(1) Yes (2) SS + linear (3) Helical
Provide the following information for Orthomyxoviruses: (1) Envelope? (2) RNA structure (3) Capsid symmetry.
(1) Yes (2) SS (-) linear (8 segments) (3) Helical
Which RNA virus has uncertain capsid symmetry?
Delta virus
Provide the following information for Paramyxoviruses: (1) Envelope? (2) RNA structure (3) Capsid symmetry.
(1) Yes (2) SS (-) linear (nonsegmented) (3) Helical
Provide the following information for Rhabdoviruses: (1) Envelope? (2) RNA structure (3) Capsid symmetry.
(1) Yes (2) SS (-) linear (3) Helical
Provide the following information for Filoviruses: (1) Envelope? (2) RNA structure (3) Capsid symmetry.
(1) Yes (2) SS (-) linear (3) Helical
Provide the following information for Arenaviruses: (1) Envelope? (2) RNA structure (3) Capsid symmetry.
(1) Yes (2) SS (-) circular (2 segments) (3) Helical
Provide the following information for Bunyaviruses: (1) Envelope? (2) RNA structure (3) Capsid symmetry.
(1) Yes (2) SS (-) circular (3 segments) (3) Helical
Provide the following information for Delta virus: (1) Envelope? (2) RNA structure (3) Capsid symmetry.
(1) Yes (2) SS (-) circular (3) Uncertain
What are the 2 important Reoviruses and the conditions they cause?
(1) Coltivirus (an arbovirus = transmitted by arthropods) - Colorado tick fever (2) Rotavirus - #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
What kind of virus is Rotavirus? What is its significance?
Reoviruses; #1 cause of fatal diarrhea in children
What are the 5 important Picornaviruses and the major things to associate with each.
(1) Poliovirus - polio-Salk/Sabin vaccines - IPV/OPV (2) Echovirus - aseptic meningitis (3) Rhinovirus - “common cold” (4) Coxsackievirus - aseptic meningitis; herpangina (mouth blisters, fever); hand, foot, and mouth disease; mycoarditis; pericarditis (5) HAV - acute viral hepititis; Think: “Picornavirus on a PERCH”
What is the most important Hepevirus?
HEV
What is the most important Calcivirus and the condition it causes?
Norovirus - viral gastroenteritis
What are the 5 important Flaviviruses.
(1) HCV (2) Yellow fever (3) Dengue (4) St. Louis encephalitis (5) West Nile virus ; Note 2-5 = arboviruses (i.e., transmitted by arthropods)
Again, what are the important Flaviviruses? Which of the important Flaviviruses are arboviruses?
(1) HCV (2) Yellow fever (3) Dengue (4) St. Louis encephalitis (5) West Nile virus ; Note 2-5 = arboviruses (i.e., transmitted by arthropods), not HCV
What are the 3 important Togaviruses?
(1) Rubella (2) Eastern equine encephalitis (an aborvirus) (3) Western equine encephalitis (an aborvirus)
What important enzyme do Retroviruses contain? What are the 2 important Retroviruses and the conditions that they cause?
Reverse transcriptase; (1) HTLV - T-cell leukemia (2) HIV - AIDS
What are the two major diseases/conditions with which Coronaviruses are associated?
Coronavirus - “common cold” and SARS
What is the most important Orthomyxovirus?
Influenza virus
What are 3 major Paramyxoviruses? What is a common treatment for Paramyxovirus?
(1) Parainfluenza - croup (2) RSV - bronchiolitis in babies (3) Measles, Mumps; Rx - Ribavirin; Think: “PaRaMyxovirus = Parainfluenza, RSV/Rx - Ribavirin, Meales/Mumps”
What is the important Rhabdovirus?
Rabies
What is the medical importance of Filoviruses? More specifically, with what condition(s) are they associated?
Ebola/Marburg hemorrhagic fever - often fatal!
More specifically, what are 2 important Arenaviruses? Which is spread by mice?
(1) LCMV - lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (2) Lassa fever encephalitis (spread by mice)
What are 4 important Bunyaviruses and/or conditions caused by them?
(1) California encephalitis (due to an arbovirus) (2) Sandfly/Rift Valley fevers (due to an arbovirus) (3) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (due to an arbovirus) (4) Hantavirus - hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia
Again, what are the 4 important viruses/conditions of Bunyaviruses? Which of these are associated with an arbovirus?
(1) California encephalitis (due to an arbovirus) (2) Sandfly/Rift Valley fevers (due to an arbovirus) (3) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (due to an arbovirus) (4) Hantavirus - hemorrhagic fever, pneumonia
What is important to know about the limitation(s) of a particular Delta virus?
HDV is a “defective” virus that requires HBV co-infection
What 2 things are negative-strand viruses required to do?
(1) Must transcribe negative strand to positive (2) Virion brings its own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
What are the negative-stranded RNA viruses?
(1) Arenaviruses (2) Bunyaviruses (3) Paramyxoviruses (4) Orthomyxoviruses (5) Filoviruses (6) Rhabdoviruses; Think: “Always Bring Polymerase Or Fail Replication”
What do the segmented viruses all have in common? What are their names?
All are RNA viruses; They include: (1) Bunyaviruses (2) Orthomyxoviruses (3) Arenaviruses (4) Reoviruses; Think: “BOAR”
What characterizes an arbovirus? Which 10 RNA viruses are arboviruses?
Transmitted by arthropods (mosquitoes, ticks); REOVIRUS - (1) Coltivirus, FLAVIVIRUSES - (2) Yellow fever, (3) Dengue, (4) St. Louis encephalitis, (5) West Nile virus, TOGAVIRUSES - (6) Eastern equine encephalitis, (7) Western equine enecephalitis, BUNYAVIRUSES - (8) California encephalitis, (9) Sandfly/Rift Valley fevers, (10) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
