Micro - Systems (Nosocomial infections, Unimmunized risks, & Bug hints)

Question 1

Name 8 pathogens causing nosocomial infections.

Answer 1

(1) Candida albicans (2) CMV (3) RSV (4) E. coli (5) Proteus mirabilis (6) HBV (7) Legionella (8) Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 2

What is a risk factor for candida albicans nosocomial infection?

Answer 2

Hyperalimentation

Question 3

What is a risk factor for CMV nosocomial infection? What other pathogen causing nosocomial infection has the same risk factor?

Answer 3

Newborn nursery; RSV

Question 4

What is a risk factor for E. coli nosocomial infection? What other pathogen causing nosocomial infection has the same risk factor?

Answer 4

Urinary catheterization; Proteus mirabilis

Question 5

What are the 2 most common causes of nosocomial infection? What kind of infection does each of these pathogens cause?

Answer 5

The 2 most common causes of nosocomial infections are E. coli (UTI) and S. aureus (wound infection)

Question 6

What is a risk factor for HBV nosocomial infection?

Answer 6

Work in renal dialysis unit

Question 7

What is a risk factor for Legionella nosocomial infection?

Answer 7

Water aerosols; Think Legionella when water source is involved

Question 8

What is a risk factor for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection?

Answer 8

Respiratory therapy equipment; Think: “Presume Pseudomonas “AIRuginoma” when AIR or burns are involved”

Question 9

Name 2 pathogens that affect unimmunized children with a dermatologic presentation. What is their dermatologic presentation in general?

Answer 9

(1) Rubella virus (2) Measles virus; Rash

Question 10

What are the clinical findings due to Rubella virus?

Answer 10

Rash in unimmunized children; Beginning at head and moving down with postauricular lymphadenopathy

Question 11

What are the clinical findings due to Measles virus?

Answer 11

Rash in unimmunized children; Beginning at head and moving down; Rash preceded by cough, coryza, conjuctivitis, and blue-white (Koplik) spots on buccal mucosa

Question 12

Name 2 pathogens that affect unimmunized children with a neurological presentation. What is that neurologic presentation in general?

Answer 12

(1) H. influenzae type B (2) Poliovirus; Meningitis

Question 13

What are the neurologic clinical findings due to H. influenzae type B?

Answer 13

Meningitis in unimmunized children; Microbe colonizes nasopharynx

Question 14

What are the clinical findings due to Poliovirus?

Answer 14

Meningitis in unimmunized children; Can also lead to myalgia and paralysis

Question 15

Name 2 pathogens that affect unimmunized children with a respiratory presentation. What are their respiratory presentations in general?

Answer 15

(1) H. influenzae type B (Epiglottitis) (2) Cornebacterium diphtheriae (Pharyngitis)

Question 16

What are the respiratory clinical findings/labs due to H. influenzae type B?

Answer 16

Epiglottitis in unimmunized children; Fever with dysphagia, drooling, and difficulty breathing due to edematous “cherry red” epiglottis; “thumbprint sign” on X-ray; Also capable of causing epiglottitis in fully immunized children

Question 17

What are the respiratory clinical findings/labs due to Corynebacterium diphtheriae? What is the driving mechanism behind this?

Answer 17

Pharyngitis in unimmunized children; Grayish oropharyngeal exudate (“pseudomembranes” may obstruct airway), Painful throat; Elaborates toxin that causes necrosis in pharynx, cardiac, and CNS tissue

Question 18

What organisms should you associate with an asplenic patient (due to surgical splenectomy or autosplenectomy - e.g., chronic sickle cell anemia)?

Answer 18

Encapsulated microbes, especially SHiN (S. pneumoniae&raquo_space; H. influenzae type B > N. meningitidis)

Question 19

What organism should you associate with branching rods in oral infection and sulfur granules?

Answer 19

Actinomyces israelii

Question 20

What organisms should you associate with chronic granulomatous disease? What is an especially prominent example?

Answer 20

Catalase (+) microbes, especially S. aureus

Question 21

What organism should you associate with “Currant jelly” sputum?

Answer 21

Klebsiella

Question 22

What organism should you associate with a dog or cat bite?

Answer 22

Pasteurella

Question 23

What organism should you associate with facial nerve palsy?

Answer 23

Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)

Question 24

What organism should you associate with fungal infection in a diabetic or immunocompromised patient?

Answer 24

Mucor or Rhizopus spp.

Question 25

What organism should you associate with a health care provider, and why?

Answer 25

HBV (from needle stick)

Question 26

What 2 organisms should you associate with neutropenic patients?

Answer 26

Candida albicans (systemic), Aspergillus

Question 27

What organism should you associate with an organ transplant patient?

Answer 27

CMV

Question 28

What organism should you associate with PAS (+)?

Answer 28

Tropheryma whipplei (Whipple disease)

Question 29

What organism should you associate with pediatric infection?

Answer 29

Haemophilus influenzae (including epiglottitis)

Question 30

What organism should you associate with pneumonia in cystic fibrosis or burn infection?

Answer 30

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 31

What organism should you associate with pus, empyema, and/or abscess?

Answer 31

S. aureus

Question 32

What 3 organisms should you associate with a rash on hands and feet?

Answer 32

(1) Coxsackie A virus (2) Treponema pallidum (3) Rickettsia rickettsii

Question 33

What organism should you associate with sepsis/meningitis in newborn?

Answer 33

Group B strep

Question 34

What organism should you associate with a surgical wound?

Answer 34

S. aureus

Question 35

What organism should you associate with a traumatic open wound?

Answer 35

Clostridium perfringens