Micro - Antimicrobials (Antimicrobial prophylaxis & Treatment of resistance bacteria)

Question 1

What drug is used as antimicrobial prophylaxis for endocarditis with surgical or dental procedures?

Answer 1

Penicillins

Question 2

What drug is used as antimicrobial prophylaxis for gonorrhea?

Answer 2

Ceftriaxone

Question 3

What drug is used as antimicrobial prophylaxis for a history of recurrent UTIs?

Answer 3

TMP-SMX

Question 4

What is the drug of choice as antimicrobial prophylaxis for meningococcal infection? What is the used for children in this case?

Answer 4

Ciprofloxacin (drug of choice), rifampin for children

Question 5

What drug is used as antimicrobial prophylaxis for a pregnant woman carrying group B strep?

Answer 5

Ampicillin

Question 6

What drug is used as antimicrobial prophylaxis for prevention of gonococcal or chlamydial conjunctivitis in newborns?

Answer 6

Erythromycin ointment

Question 7

What drug is used as antimicrobial prophylaxis for prevention of postsurgical infection due to S. aureus?

Answer 7

Cefazolin

Question 8

What drug is used as antimicrobial prophylaxis of step pharyngitis in child with prior rheumatic fever?

Answer 8

Oral penicillin

Question 9

What drug is used as antimicrobial prophylaxis for syphilis?

Answer 9

Benzathine penicillin G

Question 10

For what infection are HIV patients with CD counts below 200 cells/mm^3 given prophylaxis? What is the main antimicrobial used as prophylaxis? What else could be used, and in what context?

Answer 10

Pneumocystis pneumonia; TMP-SMX; Aerosolized pentamidine may be used if patient is unable to tolerate TMP-SMX

Question 11

For what infections are HIV patients with CD counts below 100 cells/mm^3 given prophylaxis? What is the antimicrobial used as prophylaxis? What else could be used, and in what context? What is the limitation of this other drug?

Answer 11

Pneumocystis pneumonia & Toxoplasmosis; TMP-SMX; Aerosolized pentamidine may be used if patient is unable to tolerate TMP-SMX, but this may not prevent toxoplasmosis infection concurrently

Question 12

For what infection are HIV patients with CD counts below 50 cells/mm^3 given prophylaxis? What is the antimicrobial used as prophylaxis?

Answer 12

Mycobacterium avium complex; Azithromycin

Question 13

What are 5 treatments for MRSA?

Answer 13

(1) Vancomycin (2) Daptomycin (3) Linezolid (can cause serotonin syndrome) (4) Tigecycline (5) Ceftaroline

Question 14

What are 2 treatments for VRE?

Answer 14

(1) Linezolid (2) Streptogramins (quinupristin/dalfopristin)

Question 15

Again, what are the 5 treatments for MRSA? Which of these is associated with a major side effect, and what is that side effect?

Answer 15

(1) Vancomycin (2) Daptomycin (3) Linezolid (can cause serotonin syndrome) (4) Tigecycline (5) Ceftaroline