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FA - Microbiology > Micro - Antimicrobials (Mechanisms of Antibacterial Therapy) > Flashcards

Micro - Antimicrobials (Mechanisms of Antibacterial Therapy) Flashcards

Pg. 179 in First Aid 2014 Pg. 176 in First Aid 2013 Sections include: -Antimicrobial therapy

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1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the following drugs: Penicillin, methicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, cephalosporins, aztreonam, and imipenem?

A

Block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of PEPTIDOGLYCAN CROSS-LINKING

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2
Q

Name 6 classes of antimicrobials that block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking.

A

(1) Penicillinase-sensitive penicillins (2) Penicillinase-resistant penicillins (3) Antipseudomonals (4) Cephalosporins (I-V) (5) Carbapenems (6) Monobactams

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Bacitracin and Vancomycin?

A

Block PEPTIDOGLYCAN SYNTHESIS

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4
Q

What is the class of antimicrobials that block peptidoglycan synthesis? Give 2 examples of this.

A

Glycopeptides; (1) Bacitracin (2) Vancomycin

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim? How do their exact mechanisms differ?

A

Block nucleotide synthesis by inhibiting FOLIC ACID SYNTHESIS (involved in DNA methylation); Sulfonamides inhibit PABA conversion to DHF; Trimethoprim inhibit DHF conversion to THF

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6
Q

Name the 2 antimicrobials that block nucleotide synthesis by inhibiting folic acid synthesis (involved in methylation).

A

(1) Sulfonamides (2) Trimethoprim

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7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Fluoroquinolones? What are 2 examples of Fluoroquinolones?

A

Block DNA TOPOISOMERASES; Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, etc.

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8
Q

Which 2 classes of antimicrobials blocks DNA topoisomerases? Give at least one example of each.

A

Fluoroquinolones - Cirofloxacin, Levofloxacin, etc.; Quinolone - Nalidixic acid

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Rifampin?

A

Block mRNA SYNTHESIS

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10
Q

Which antimicrobial blocks mRNA synthesis (RNA polymerase)?

A

Rifampin

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Metronidazole?

A

DAMAGE DNA

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12
Q

Which antimicrobial damages DNA?

A

Metronidazole

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the following antimicrobials: Chloramphenicol, macrolides, clindamycin, streptogramins (quinupristin, dalfopristin), linezolid?

A

Block protein synthesis at 50S RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT

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14
Q

Name 5 antimicrobials that block protein synthesis at 50S ribosomal subunit.

A

(1) Chloramphenicol (2) Macrolides (3) Clindamycin (4) Streptogramins (quinupristin, dalfopristin) (5) Linezolid

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines?

A

Block protein synthesis at 30S RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT

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16
Q

Name the 2 antimicrobials that block protein synthesis at 30S ribosomal subunit.

A

(1) Aminoglycosides (2) Tetracyclines

17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Sulfonamides? What are 3 examples of Sulfonamides?

A

FOLIC ACID SYNTHESIS (DNA methylation) - Inhibit conversion of PABA to DHF; (1) Sulfamethoxazole (2) Sulfisoxazole (3) Sulfadiazine

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of macrolides? Give 3 examples of macrolides?

A

Block protein synthesis at 50S subunit; (1) Azithromycin (2) Clarithromycin (3) Erythromycin

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of streptogramins? Give 2 examples of streptogramins?

A

Block protein synthesis at 50S subunit; (1) Quinupristin (2) Dalfopristin

20
Q

What is the mechanism of Aminoglycosides? Give 5 examples.

A

Block protein synthesis at 30S subunit; (1) Genatmicin (2) Neomycin (3) Amikacin (4) Tobramycin (5) Streptomycin

21
Q

What is the mechanism of Tetracyclines? Give 3 examples.

A

Block protein synthesis at 30S subunit; (1) Tetracycline (2) Doxycycline (3) Minocycline

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of penicillinase-sensitive penicillins? What are 4 examples of such drugs?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis by blocking peptidoglycan cross-linking; (1) Penicillin G (2) Penicillin V (3) Ampicillin (4) Amoxicillin

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of penicillinase-resistant penicillins? What are 3 examples of such drugs?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis by blocking peptidoglycan cross-linking; (1) Oxacillin (2) Nafcillin (3) Dicloxacillin

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of antipseudomonals? What are 2 examples of such drugs?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis by blocking peptidoglycan cross-linking; (1) Ticarcillin (2) Piperacillin

25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cephalosporins (I-V)? What are 5 examples (one from each generation) of such drugs?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis by blocking peptidoglycan cross-linking; (1) 1st - Cephazolin, etc. (2) 2nd - Cefoxitin, etc. (3) 3rd - Ceftriaxone, etc. (4) Cefipime (5) Ceftaroline

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of carbapenems? What are 4 examples of such drugs?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis by blocking peptidoglycan cross-linking; (1) Imipenem (2) Meropenem (3) Ertapenem (4) Doripenem

27
Q

What is the mechanism of action of monobactams? What is an example of such a drug?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis by blocking peptidoglycan cross-linking; Aztreonam

FA - Microbiology (43 decks)

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