Micro - Virology (Overview of DNA Viruses) Flashcards
Pg. 155 Sections include: DNA viruses
What are the 7 examples of DNA viruses?
(1) Herpesviruses (2) Hepadnavirus (3) Adenovirus (4) Parvovirus (5) Papillomavirus (6) Polyomavirus (7) Poxvirus
Do herpesviruses have envelopes? What is their DNA structure?
Yes; DS and linear
Does Hepadnavirus have an envelope? What is its DNA structure?
Yes; Partially DS and circular
Does Adenovirus have an envelope? What is its DNA structure?
No; DS & linear
Does Parvovirus have an envelope? What is its DNA structure?
No; SS & linear (-) (Note: Smallest DNA virus)
Does Papillomavirus have an envelope? What is its DNA structure?
No; DS & circular
Does Polyomavirus have an envelope? What is its DNA structure?
No; DS & circular
Does Poxvirus have an envelope? What is its DNA structure?
Yes; DS & linear (Note: Largest DNA virus)
What is the smallest DNA virus? What is the largest DNA virus?
Parvovirus; Poxvirus
What are the 3 DNA viruses that have envelopes?
(1) Herpes virus (2) Hepadnavirus (3) Poxvirus
Name at least 5 Herpesviruses representative of the several kinds of Herpesviruses.
(1) HSV-1 or HSV-2 (2) VZV (HHV-3) (3) EBV (HHV-4) (4) CMV (HHV-5) (5) HHV-6, HHV-7, or HHV-8
What is the medical importance of HSV-1? What about HSV-2?
HSV-1: Oral (and some genital) lesions, spontaneous temporal lobe encephalitis, keratoconjuctivitis; HSV-2: Genital (and some oral) lesions
What is another name for VZV? What is its medical importance?
Varicella zoster virus = HHV-3; Chickenpox, zoster (shingles), vaccine available
What is another name for EBV? What is its medical importance?
Epstein-Barr virus = HHV-4; Mononucleosis, Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma
What is another name for CMV? What is its medical importance?
Cytomegalovirus = HHV-5; Infection in immunosuppressed patients (AIDS retinitis), especially transplant recipients, congenital defects (“sightomegalovirus”)
What is the medical importance of HHV-6?
Roseola (exanthem subitum)
What is the medical importance of HHV-7?
Less common cause of roseola (than HHV-6)
What is the medical importance of HHV-8?
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)
For which of the herpesviruses is a vaccine available? What is its medical importance?
VZV/HHV-3; Chickenpox, zoster (shingles)
What condition(s) does HBV cause?
Acute or chronic hepatitis
What is contained in the HBV vaccine?
Contains HBV surface antigen
Which DNA virus has reverse transcriptase (although it is not a retrovirus)?
HBV
What 4 condition(s) does Adenovirus cause?
(1) Febrile pharyngitis - sore throat (2) Acute hemorrhagic cystitis (3) Pneumonia (4) Conjunctivitis - “pink eye”
What are the 5 medically important associations to make with Parvovirus?
(1) B19 virus - aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease (2) “Slapped cheeks” rash in children - erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease) (3) RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death (4) Pure RBC aplasia (5) Rheumatoid-arthritis-like syndrome in adults
Which DNA virus is associated with aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease patients?
Parvovirus B19
What is another name for Fifth disease? How does it present? What kind of DNA virus causes it?
Erythema Infectiosum; “Slapped cheeks” rash in children; Parvovirus
Which kind of DNA virus can cause death in fetuses? What is the mechanism behind this?
Parvovirus; RBC destruction in fetus leads to hydrops fetalis and death
With what kind of anemia is Parvovirus associated?
Pure RBC aplasia
What 2 symptoms/conditions may Parovirus cause in adults?
Pure RBC aplasia and Rheumatoid-arthritis-like syndrome in adults
What 3 condition(s) does Papillomavirus cause?
Warts (1, 2, 6, 11), CIN, Cervical cancer (16, 18)
Which types of HPV cause warts?
1, 2, 6, 11
Which types of HPV cause cervical cancer?
16, 18
Is their a vaccine for HPV? If so, what kind?
Cervical cancer (16, 18) vaccine availble
What are examples of Polyomaviruses?
(1) JC virus (2) BK virus
Again, what are the Polyomaviruses? With what condition(s) is each associated?
(1) JC virus - progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV (2) BK virus - transplant patients, commonly targets kidneys; Think: “JC: Junky Cerebrum, BK: Bad Kidney”
What are 3 medically important associations to make with Poxvirus?
(1) Smallpox, although eradicated, could be used in germ warfare (2) Cowpox (“milkmaid’s blisters) (3) Molluscum contagiosum - flesh-colored dome lesions with central dimple
