Micro Revision 4 Flashcards
most potent macrophage-activating cytokine known
IFN-γ
The Th1 subset is induced by
microbes that are ingested by and activate phagocytes
Th1 is
CD4
CD 40
Protein found in APC
Th1 cells, acting through
…….., increase the ability of macrophages
to kill phagocytosed microbes
CD40- ligand and IFN-γ
IFN-γ not only activates macrophages to kill the microbes but also
promotes more Th1 development and inhibits the development of Th2 and Th17 cells.
Increased B7 costimulators and MHC molecules causes
Increased T cell activation
Secretion of cytokines (TNF, IL1, IL12) and chemokines by macrophages leads to
Il12: th differentiation, inf y production
TNF, IL1 chemokines m inflammation
Production of ROS, NO, increased lysosomal enzymes in macrophages leads to
Killing microbes in phagolysosomes
Th2 cells are induced in
parasitic worm infections
Th2 cytokines inhibit ,.. stimulate…
classical macrophage activation
alternative pathway of macrophage activation
Th2 promotes
IgE-, mast cell- and eosinophil-mediated destruction of these parasites
Expression of antigen associated with class I MHC molecules is recognized primarily by which of the following? • B cells • CD4+ T lymphocytes • Plasma cells • Macrophages • CD8+ T lymphocytes
• CD8+ T lymphocytes
In a study of CD4 cell function, it is observed that cytokines are released by CD4 Th 1 cells. These cytokines are most likely to aid in stimulating which of the following immunologic processes?
• Antigen display by dendritic cells
• Formation of T memory cells
•
• Neutrophil diapedesis through endothelium • NK cell cytolysis of viral-infected cells
Macrophage destruction of phagocytized microbes
Macrophage destruction of phagocytized microbes
Th2 cells are involved in allergic reactionsto
environmental antigens
When …. cells encounter the antigens of helminths, the T cells secrete their cytokines.
Th2
Tfh
Tfh cells produce… which stimulates the production of …. that coat the helminths
IL 4
IgE antibodies
In fighting helminth , eosinophils are activated by ….and bind to IgE by ….
Signals from Fc receptors, IL5 (produced by Th2)
Fc receptors
Activated eosinophils release …which are toxic to the parasites
their granule contents,
IL 4,
IL 13
Activate
Alt macrophage activation
Intestinal mucus secretion
When CTLs recognize class I MHC–associated peptides of cytoplasmic microbes in infected cells, hoe does it treat ir
It forms a tight adhesion and exocytose its granules
granule contents of CTLs and functions
Peroforin (facilitates the entry into cytosol)
Granzymes (starts apoptosis)
