Micro 1 Flashcards
What does immune mean in late English and what is its latin origin
Free from a liability
Immunis
Immune definitions (2)
protected against particular disease by particular substances in the blood
protected from or unable to be influenced by something, esp. something bad
Immune system definition
the collection of cells, tissues, and molecules that
mediate resistance to infections
Immune response definition
the collective and coordinated response to the introduction of foreign substances in an individual mediated by the cells and molecules of the immune system
Immunology
is the study of the immune system, including its responses to microbial pathogens and damaged tissues and its role in disease.
Immunity
is resistance of a host to pathogens and their toxic effects
discovered that cowpox induces protection against smallpox
Edward Jenner
Louis Pasteur
experiments confirmed the germ theory of disease
he also created the first vaccine for rabies
Ralph Marvin Steinman
discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity
James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo
discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation
Bruce Beutler, Jules A. Hoffmann
discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity
The functions of the immune system
- Defense against microorganisms and their products
- Defense against the growth of tumor cells
- The immune system recognizes and responds to tissue grafts and newly introduced proteins; barrier to transplantation and gene therapy
- Homeostasis
- destruction of abnormal or dead cells; control of tissue regeneration and scarring
(e. g. dead red or white blood cells, antigen-antibody complex)
How does the immune system defend the body against tumor cells
• kills the growth of tumor cells (potential for immunotherapy of cancer)
What causes allergic, autoimmune and other inflammatory diseases.
The immune system inducing pathological inflammation
What are the Two types of immunity?
Innate (non adaptive)
Acquired (adaptive)
What does innate men in late English
To be born into
What is the first line of immune response and what is the second
First: innate
Second: adaptive
What mechanisms does each immunity rely on
Innate: mechanisms that exist before infection
Acquired: mechanisms that adapt after infection
What is the acquired immunity handled by
T- and B- lymphocytes
Innate immunity is called
Natural, native
Innate immunity is based on
Genetic make up
Memory of innate immune system
Non existent, same response after repeated exposure
Why is the innate system not enhanced after repeated exposure
Because it Does not lead to clonal expansion
3 components of innate immunity
• Mechanical barriers / surface secretion
• anatomic or physical (skin, mucous membranes)
(temperature, pH)
• Humoral mechanisms
• lysozymes, basic proteins, complement, interferons
• Cellular defense mechanisms
• natural killer cells neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils