Micro Revision 2 Flashcards
It is observed that a cytokine released from NK cells is a potent stimulator of macrophages. Which of the following substances is most likely elaborated by NK cells to stimulate macrophages?
• CD8 surface markers
• Interferon gamma
• N-formyl methionyl receptor • Nitric oxide synthetese
• Surface immunoglobulin
• Interferon gamma
As part of the innate immune response, which cells participate in phagocytosis?
• Macrophages and NK cells
• Macrophages and plasma cells, • NK cells and neutrophils
• Macrophages and neutrophils
• T cells and mast cells
Macrophages and neutrophils
Which of the following is not characteristic for innate lymphocyte cells?
- They are lymphocyte-like cells
- They produce cytokines
- They express T cell antigen receptors
- They provide early defense against infections • They are stimulated by cytokines
They express T cell antigen receptors
T cells interact with
other cells and not with soluble antigens,
T cell antigen receptors are designed to see
displayed by cell surface molecules
The specialized cells that capture and display antigens and activate T lymphocytes are called
antigen presenting cells (APCs
used to refer to specialized cells that display antigens to CD4+ T lymphocytes
APC
all nucleated cells can display protein antigens to
CD8+ T lymphocytes,
The displaying host cell–associated antigens for recognition by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is performed by specialized proteins called
major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules
most effective APCs for activating naive T cells
Dendritic cells
Macrophages and B lymphocytes also function as APCs for
previously activated CD4+ helper T
Effector T cells
Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes express
class II MHC molecules
What happens after naive T cells are activated by dendritic cells
Differentiation into effector cells
What type of immunity occurs when macrophages initiate effector T cells by introducing a microbe
Cells mediated immunity
What type of immunity occurs when B cells initiate effector T cells by introducing a microbe
Humoral immunity
Dendritic cells that are resident in epithelia and tissues capture protein antigens and transport the antigens to
draining lymph nodes
Resting tissue-resident dendritic express membrane receptors, such
C- type lectins, that bind microbes
Dendritic cells use receptors to capture and endocytose microbes or microbial products and then process the ingested proteins into
peptides capable of binding to MHC molecules
The dendritic cells are activated
cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), produced in response to the microbes
Microbal antigen binding
